Hamburg (German:[ˈhambʊʁk]ⓘ, locally also [ˈhambʊɪ̯ç]ⓘ; Low Saxon: Hamborg[ˈhambɔːç]ⓘ),[citation needed] officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (German: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg; Low Saxon: Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),[8] is the second-largest city in Germany after Berlin, as well as the overall 8th-largest city and largest non-capital city within the European Union with a population of over 1.9 million.[9] Hamburg's urban area has a population of around 2.5 million[1] and is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region, which has a population of over 5.1 million people in total. At the southern tip of the Jutland Peninsula, Hamburg stands on the branching River Elbe at the head of a 110 km (68 mi) estuary down to the North Sea, on the mouth of the Alster and Bille. Hamburg is one of Germany's three city-states alongside Berlin and Bremen, and is surrounded by Schleswig-Holstein to the north and Lower Saxony to the south. The Port of Hamburg is Germany's largest and Europe's third-largest, after Rotterdam and Antwerp. The local dialect is a variant of Low Saxon.
The official name reflects Hamburg's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League and a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. Before the 1871 unification of Germany, it was a fully sovereign city state, and before 1919 formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten. Beset by disasters such as the Great Fire of Hamburg, North Sea flood of 1962 and military conflicts including World War II bombing raids, the city has managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe.
Major regional broadcaster NDR, the printing and publishing firm Gruner + Jahr and the newspapers Der Spiegel and Die Zeit are based in the city. Hamburg is the seat of Germany's oldest stock exchange and the world's oldest merchant bank, Berenberg Bank. Media, commercial, logistical, and industrial firms with significant locations in the city include multinationals Airbus, Blohm + Voss, Aurubis, Beiersdorf, Lufthansa and Unilever. Hamburg is also a major European science, research, and education hub, with several universities and institutions. The city enjoys a very high quality of living, being ranked 19th in the 2019 Mercer Quality of Living Survey.[10]
Hamburg hosts specialists in world economics and international law, including consular and diplomatic missions as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the EU-LAC Foundation, and the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, multipartite international political conferences and summits such as Europe and China and the G20. Former German chancellors Helmut Schmidt and Angela Merkel were both born in Hamburg. The former Mayor of Hamburg, Olaf Scholz, has been the current German chancellor since December 2021.
Hamburg is a major international and domestic tourist destination. The Speicherstadt and Kontorhausviertel were declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 2015.[11] Hamburg's rivers and canals are crossed by around 2,500 bridges, making it the city with the highest number of bridges in Europe.[12] Aside from its rich architectural heritage, the city is also home to notable cultural venues such as the Elbphilharmonie and Laeiszhalle concert halls. It gave birth to movements like Hamburger Schule and paved the way for bands including the Beatles. Hamburg is also known for several theatres and a variety of musical shows. St. Pauli's Reeperbahn is among the best-known European entertainment districts.
^ abcitypopulation.de quoting Federal Statistics Office. "Germany: Urban Areas". Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
^Bevölkerung in Hamburg am 31.12.2022 (Auszählung aus dem Melderegister) (Hilfe dazu).
^"Definition of HAMBURG". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
^"What are Hamburg people called? – SidmartinBio". www.sidmartinbio.org. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
^"Bruttoinlandsprodukt – in jeweiligen Preisen – in Deutschland 1991 bis 2019 nach Bundesländern (WZ 2008) – VGR dL". www.vgrdl.de. Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
^"Bruttoinlandsprodukt – in jeweiligen Preisen – in Deutschland 1991 bis 2019 nach Bundesländern (WZ 2008) – VGR dL". www.statistik-bw.de. Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
^"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
^Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg [Constitution of Hamburg] (in German) (11th ed.), 6 June 1952, archived from the original on 10 June 2007, retrieved 21 September 2008.
^"Hamburg in Zahlen". hamburg.de (in German). Retrieved 12 July 2023.
^"Quality of Living City Ranking". mercer.com. Mercer. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
^Media release on the website of Hamburg Marketing, retrieved on 19 March 2016.
^"Anzahl der Brücken in Städten Europas". Statista (in German). Retrieved 19 May 2020.
Hamburg (German: [ˈhambʊʁk] i, locally also [ˈhambʊɪ̯ç] i; Low Saxon: Hamborg [ˈhambɔːç] i),[citation needed] officially the Free and Hanseatic City of...
The Hamburg cell (German: Hamburger Zelle) or Hamburg terror cell (German: Hamburger Terrorzelle) was, according to U.S. and German intelligence agencies...
Hamburg Airport (IATA: HAM, ICAO: EDDH), known in German as Flughafen Hamburg, is a major international airport in Hamburg, the second-largest city in...
G20 Hamburg summit was the twelfth meeting of the Group of Twenty (G20), which was held on 7–8 July 2017, at Hamburg Messe, in the city of Hamburg, Germany...
John Liman Hamburg (born May 26, 1970) is an American screenwriter, film director and producer. Hamburg was born to a Jewish family in Manhattan, the son...
Hamburg steak is a patty of ground beef. Made popular worldwide by migrating Germans, it became a mainstream dish around the start of the 19th century...
Margaret Ann "Peggy" Hamburg (born July 12, 1955, Chicago, Illinois) is an American physician and public health administrator, who is serving as the chair...
The University of Hamburg (German: Universität Hamburg, also referred to as UHH) is a public research university in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded on...
Hamburg Messe is a business unit of Hamburg Messe und Congress GmbH. The area of Hamburg Messe hosts about 40 trade fairs annually, with over 15000 exhibitors...
The Hamburg University of Technology (in German Technische Universität Hamburg, abbreviated TUHH (HH as acronym of Hamburg state) or TU Hamburg) is a...
The Hamburg, Dutch: Hollands hoen, German: Hamburger, is a breed of chicken which is thought to have originated in Holland (in some sources, Hamburg, Germany)...
Daniel Hamburg (born October 6, 1948) is an American politician in Northern California who was elected as a Democratic Party Congressman in 1992, serving...
Hamburg Hauptbahnhof (abbrev. Hamburg Hbf), or Hamburg Central Station in English, is the main railway station of the city of Hamburg, Germany. Opened...
The Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Aktien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG), known in English as the Hamburg America Line, was a transatlantic shipping enterprise...
Hamburg International Luftverkehrsgesellschaft mbH & Co. Betriebs KG was an independent passenger airline based in Hamburg-Nord, Hamburg, Germany, operating...
and formerly known as barclaycard arena and O2 World Hamburg) is a multipurpose arena in Hamburg, Germany. It opened in 2002 and can hold up to 16,000...
(pronounced [ˈhambʊʁɡɐ ʔɛsˈfaʊ] i) or Hamburg (pronounced [ˈhambʊʁk] i), is a German sports club based in Hamburg, with its largest branch being its football...
Hamburg Parliament (German: Hamburgische Bürgerschaft; literally “Hamburgish Citizenry”) is the unicameral legislature of the German state of Hamburg...
The Hamburg Uprising (German: Hamburger Aufstand) was a communist insurrection that occurred in Hamburg in Weimar Germany on 23 October 1923. A militant...
of Hamburg during World War II included numerous attacks on civilians and civic infrastructure. As a large city and industrial centre, Hamburg's shipyards...
Hamburg Towers, for sponsorship reasons named Veolia Towers Hamburg, is a professional basketball team, based in Hamburg, Germany. The Towers are currently...
Hamburg was founded in the 9th century as a mission settlement to convert the Saxons. Since the Middle Ages, it has been an important trading center in...