Romanticised Victorian painting of Horrocks making the first observation of the transit of Venus in 1639. No contemporary portraits of Horrocks survive.[1]
Born
1618
Lower Lodge, Otterspool, Toxteth Park, Liverpool, Lancashire, England
Died
3 January 1641 (aged 22)
Toxteth Park, Liverpool, Lancashire, England
Alma mater
University of Cambridge
Known for
Transit of Venus Tides Elliptical orbit Lunar orbit
Scientific career
Fields
Astronomy Mathematics Mechanics
Jeremiah Horrocks (1618 – 3 January 1641), sometimes given as Jeremiah Horrox (the Latinised version that he used on the Emmanuel College register and in his Latin manuscripts),[2] was an English astronomer.[3] He was the first person to demonstrate that the Moon moved around the Earth in an elliptical orbit; and he was the only person to predict the transit of Venus of 1639, an event which he and his friend William Crabtree were the only two people to observe and record. Most remarkably, Horrocks correctly asserted that Jupiter was accelerating in its orbit while Saturn was slowing and interpreted this as due to mutual gravitational interaction, thereby demonstrating that gravity's actions were not limited to the Earth, Sun, and Moon.[4]
His early death and the chaos of the English Civil War nearly caused the loss to science of his treatise on the transit, Venus in sole visa; but for this and his other work he is acknowledged as one of the founding fathers of British astronomy.
^Applebaum, Wilbur (2004). "Horrocks [Horrox], Jeremiah (1618–1641), astronomer". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13806. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^Marston, Paul (2007). "History of Jeremiah Horrocks". Archived from the original on 15 January 2008. Retrieved 8 December 2007. – See footnote 1
^Clerke 1891
^ Hecht, E. (2021). "The True Story of Newtonian Gravity". American Journal of Physics. 89 (7): 683–692. Bibcode:2021AmJPh..89..683H. doi:10.1119/10.0003535. S2CID 237859936.
JeremiahHorrocks (1618 – 3 January 1641), sometimes given as Jeremiah Horrox (the Latinised version that he used on the Emmanuel College register and...
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(which cannot be measured directly due to the brightness of the Sun). JeremiahHorrocks had attempted to produce an estimate based on his observation of the...
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astronomical unit, and hence the size of the Solar System as shown by JeremiahHorrocks in 1639 with the first known observation of a Venus transit (after...
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Italian physicist, discoverer of the diffraction of light (died 1663) JeremiahHorrocks, English astronomer (died 1641) June 6 – Sir James Lancaster, English...
(1785–1865), botanist Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1861–1947), biochemist JeremiahHorrocks (1618-1641), astronomer Victor Horsley (1857–1916), medical scientist...
Thomas Harriot or William Gilbert might have done so before. 1639 – JeremiahHorrocks and his friend and correspondent William Crabtree are the first astronomers...
of 1672–73, published with the posthumous edition of the works of JeremiahHorrocks.: 49 Robert Hooke (1635–1703), who mathematically analyzed the universal...
JeremiahHorrocks, who had died in 1641 at the age of twenty-two. Flamsteed was greatly impressed (as Isaac Newton had been) by the work of Horrocks.: 8–11 ...
Crabtree and Horrocks were the only astronomers to observe, plot, and record the transit of Venus across the Sun, as predicted by Horrocks, on 24 November...
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