The Jarzynski equality (JE) is an equation in statistical mechanics that relates free energy differences between two states and the irreversible work along an ensemble of trajectories joining the same states. It is named after the physicist Christopher Jarzynski (then at the University of Washington and Los Alamos National Laboratory, currently at the University of Maryland) who derived it in 1996.[1][2] Fundamentally, the Jarzynski equality points to the fact that the fluctuations in the work satisfy certain constraints separately from the average value of the work that occurs in some process.
^Jarzynski, C. (1997), "Nonequilibrium equality for free energy differences", Phys. Rev. Lett., 78 (14): 2690, arXiv:cond-mat/9610209, Bibcode:1997PhRvL..78.2690J, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.2690, S2CID 16112025
^Jarzynski, C. (1997), "Equilibrium free-energy differences from nonequilibrium measurements: A master-equation approach", Phys. Rev. E, 56 (5): 5018, arXiv:cond-mat/9707325, Bibcode:1997PhRvE..56.5018J, doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.56.5018, S2CID 119101580
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