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Islam in Germany
Şehitlik-Moschee, Berlin
Total population
More than 5.3–5.6 million (6.4–6.7%) in 2019[1]
Regions with significant populations
Berlin, Hamburg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse, Lower Saxony (incl. Bremen)
Religions
Sunni Islam (majority), Alevism, Shia Islam
Languages
Main: German, Turkish, Arabic
Islam in Europe by percentage of country population[2]
90–100%
Azerbaijan
Kosovo
Turkey
70–90%
Albania
Kazakhstan
50–70%
Bosnia and Herzegovina
30–40%
North Macedonia
10–20%
Bulgaria
France
Georgia
Montenegro
Russia
5–10%
Austria
Sweden
Belgium
Germany
Greece
Liechtenstein
Netherlands
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Norway
Denmark
4–5%
Italy
Serbia
2–4%
Luxembourg
Malta
Slovenia
Spain
1–2%
Croatia
Ireland
Ukraine
< 1%
Andorra
Belarus
Czech Republic
Estonia
Finland
Hungary
Iceland
Latvia
Lithuania
Moldova
Monaco
Poland
Portugal
Romania
San Marino
Slovakia
Islam's significance in Germany has largely increased[3] after the labour migration in the 1960s and several waves of political refugees since the 1970s.
According to a representative survey, it is estimated that in 2019, there were 5.3–5.6 million Muslims with a migrant background[a] in Germany (6.4–6.7% of the population), in addition to an unknown number of Muslims without a migrant background.[1] A similar survey in 2016 estimated a number of 4.4–4.7 million Muslims with a migrant background (5.4–5.7% of the population) at that time.[4] An older survey in 2009 estimated a total number of up to 4.3 million Muslims in Germany at that time.[5] There are also higher estimates: according to the German Islam Conference, Muslims represented 7% of the population in Germany in 2012.[6]
In a 2014 academic publication it was estimated that some 20,000-100,000 Germans converted to Islam, numbers which are comparable to that in France and in the United Kingdom.[7][8]
^ abc"Muslimisches Leben in Deutschland 2020". Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. April 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
^"Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050". Pew Research Center. 12 April 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
^"Rauf Ceylan: Muslims in Germany: Religious and Political Challenges and Perspectives in the Diaspora" Archived 16 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine
^"Wie viele Muslime leben in Deutschland?" (PDF). 14 December 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
^"Studie: Deutlich mehr Muslime in Deutschland". DW.COM. 23 June 2009. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
^"Muslimfeindlichkeit – Phänomen und Gegenstrategien." (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
^Özyürek, Esra (23 November 2014). Being German, Becoming Muslim: Race, Religion, and Conversion in the New Europe. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691162782.
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