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Bactria and the Hindu Kush
The term Iranian Huns is sometimes used for a group of different tribes that lived in Central Asia, in the historical regions of Transoxiana, Bactria, Tokharistan, Kabul Valley, and Gandhara, overlapping with the modern-day Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzebekistan, Eastern Iran, Pakistan, and Northwest India, between the fourth and seventh centuries.[1] They also threatened the Northeast borders of Sasanian Iran and forced the Shahs to lead many ill-documented campaigns against them.
The term was introduced by Robert Göbl[2] in the 1960s and is based on his study of coins. The term "Iranian Huns" coined by Göbl has been sometimes accepted in research, especially in German academia, and reflects how some of the namings and inscriptions of the Kidarites and Hephthalites used an Iranian language,[3] and the bulk of the population they ruled was Iranian.[4] Their origin is controversially discussed.[5] Göbl describes four groups: Kidarites, Alchons, Nezaks, and Hephthalites as the Iranian Huns based on numismatic evidence available at his time. But recent descriptions also put the Xionites as a fifth group. In recent research, it is debated whether the new arrivals came as one wave or several waves of different peoples.[6][5]
They are roughly equivalent to the Hunas [citation needed]. Related to the Iranian Huns are the Uar, Hunas and uncertain terms from various languages like "White Hun", "Red Hun" and others.
^Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). "The Iranian Huns and the Kidarites". Written at Edinburgh, Scotland. ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh Studies in Ancient Persia. University of Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, DeGruyter. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5. JSTOR 10.3366/j.ctt1g04zr8. From Chinese sources, it appears that different waves of invaders came via the same route, crossing the Syr Darya into Transoxiana, then invading Bactria/Tokharistan, and eventually crossing the Hindu Kush into the Kabul Valley and ultimately Gandhara.
^Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft: Alter Orient-Griechische Geschichte-Römische Geschichte. Band III,7: The History of Ancient Iran, Richard Nelson Frye, C.H.Beck, 1984 p.346
^Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective, Robert L. Canfield, Cambridge University Press, 2002 p.49
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the Huns may have worked in a sort of imperial bureaucracy. Unlike the IranianHuns, who quickly began to mint their own coinage, the European Huns did...
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The "White Huns", also known as the White Hunas, in Iranian as the Spet Xyon, and in Sanskrit as the Sveta-huna, were a subgroup of the Huna and/or Xionites...
other peoples of the steppes, particularly the Huns, and as far as Europe, where it was introduced by the Huns themselves. In another ethnic custom, the Alchons...
ηβοδαλο, romanized: Ebodalo), sometimes called the White Huns (also known as the White Hunas, in Iranian as the Spet Xyon and in Sanskrit as the Sveta-huna)...
list of ancient Iranian peoples includes the names of Indo-European peoples speaking Iranian languages or otherwise considered Iranian ethnically or linguistically...
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sources, the Huns launched a first unsuccessful large-scale raid into the Eastern Roman Empire in Europe in 408. From the 420s, the Huns were led by the...
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collectively as the IranianHuns is generally accepted, but whether these groups are all inter-related remains controversial. Some scholars claimed Huns as Proto-Mongolian...
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The Nezak Huns (Pahlavi: 𐭭𐭩𐭰𐭪𐭩 nycky), also Nezak Shahs, was a significant principality in the south of the Hindu Kush region of South Asia from circa...
Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5. Vondrovec, Klaus (2014). Coinage of the IranianHuns and their Successors...
called them Kidarite Huns, or "Huns who are Kidarites". The Huna/Xionite tribes are often linked, albeit controversially, to the Huns who invaded Eastern...
Alexander the Great, the Parni, Ephthalites, IranianHuns, Göktürks, Sarmatians, and Sassanid Iranians. During this early phase of history, the majority...
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the reign of Shapur II (r. 309–379), Iran had to deal with nomadic invaders in the east known as "IranianHuns" and made up of Hephthalites, Kidarites...
of Iran. Also spelled "King of Kings of Iranians and non-Iranians". The Hephthalites were a tribal group that was most prominent of the "IranianHuns"....
in the east known in scholarship as "IranianHuns" (i.e. the Hephthalites, Kidarites, Chionites and Alchon Huns). Starting with Yazdegerd I, a shift had...
The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of peoples who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages (branch of the Indo-European...
The Hephthalites were a tribal group that was most prominent of the "IranianHuns". In the second half of the 5th-century, they controlled Tukharistan...
pp. 80–81, 86. Tandon, Pankaj (2022). "Research on the Guptas and (Iranian) Huns, 2014–2020" (PDF). In Alram, Michael; Bodzek, Jaroslaw; Bursche, Aleksander...
hostile tribes in eastern Iran. The war with the IranianHuns may have reawakened the mythical rivalry between the mythological Iranian Kayanian rulers and...
independence. He allowed the Huns into the city of Derbent, and with their aid attacked the Iranian army. Peroz responded by allowing the Huns to pass through the...
The first mentions of the region coincides with its takeover by the IranianHuns in the 4th century. Initially being conquered by the Alkhan, then the...
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