In the height region between about 85 and 200 km altitude on Earth, the ionospheric plasma is electrically conducting. Atmospheric tidal winds due to differential solar heating or due to gravitational lunar forcing move the ionospheric plasma against the geomagnetic field lines thus generating electric fields and currents just like a dynamo coil moving against magnetic field lines. That region is therefore called ionospheric dynamo region.[1]
The magnetic manifestation of these electric currents on the ground can be observed during magnetospheric quiet conditions. They are called Sq-variations (S=solar; q=quiet) and L-variations (L=lunar) of the geomagnetic field.
Additional electric currents are generated by the varying magnetospheric electric convection field. These are the DP1-currents (the auroral electrojets) and the polar DP2-currents.
[2] Finally, a polar-ring current has been derived from the observations which depends on the polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field.[3] These geomagnetic variations belong to the so-called external part of the geomagnetic field. Their amplitudes reach at most about 1% of the main internal geomagnetic field Bo.
^Chapman , S.J. and J. Bartels, „Geomagnetism“ , Clarendon Press, 1951
^Akasofu, S.I., "Physics of Magnetospheric Substorms", Reidel, Dordrecht, 1977
^Heppner, J.P., in Dyer, E.R. (ed), "Critical Problems of Magnetospheric Physics", Nat. Acad. Sci.,Washington, D.C., p. 107. 1972
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dynamo coil moving against magnetic field lines. That region is therefore called ionosphericdynamoregion. The magnetic manifestation of these electric currents...
so-called Sq (solar quiet) current system in the E region of the Earth's ionosphere (ionosphericdynamoregion) (100–130 km (60–80 mi) altitude). Resulting...
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into the ionosphere on one side of the pole and out on the other. In between, some of the current connects directly through the ionospheric E layer (125 km);...
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solar noise and ionospheric disturbances. These effects are caused by impact of the increased level of solar radiation on the ionosphere. 10.7 cm solar...
J. Rodger; M. A. Clilverd (2005). "Large solar flares and their ionospheric D region enhancements". Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 110...
as Texas. A sudden ionospheric disturbance (SID) is an abnormally high ionization/plasma density in the D region of the ionosphere caused by a solar flare...
by members of the amateur radio community as a harbinger of excellent ionospheric propagation conditions that greatly increase radio range in the HF bands...
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Oppenheim, M. M. (2010-12-01). "Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling: Effects of E-Region Plasma Turbulence on Ionospheric Conductances". AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts...
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distributions of these polarities. This lack of bias is also a robust prediction of dynamo theory. There is no rate of reversals, as they are statistically random...
– magnetosphere and ionosphere; awarded William Bowie Medal Joseph Larmor (Northern Irish, 1857–1942) – proton precession, dynamo theory Inge Lehmann...
better design in 1870 with self-excitation of magnets, and the first modern dynamo. North Foreland Lighthouse was the UK's last-staffed lighthouse until 1998...
wind"-like ambipolar electric field sufficient for the direct escape of heavy ionospheric ions". Geophysical Research Letters. 43 (12): 5926–5934. Bibcode:2016GeoRL...
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