Polymer containing many ionic or ionizable functional groups
An ionomer (/ˌaɪˈɑːnəmər/) (iono- + -mer) is a polymer composed of repeat units of both electrically neutral repeating units and ionized units covalently bonded to the polymer backbone as pendant group moieties. Usually no more than 15 mole percent are ionized. The ionized units are often carboxylic acid groups.
The classification of a polymer as an ionomer depends on the level of substitution of ionic groups as well as how the ionic groups are incorporated into the polymer structure. For example, polyelectrolytes also have ionic groups covalently bonded to the polymer backbone, but have a much higher ionic group molar substitution level (usually greater than 80%); ionenes are polymers where ionic groups are part of the actual polymer backbone. These two classes of ionic-group-containing polymers have vastly different morphological and physical properties and are therefore not considered ionomers.
Ionomers have unique physical properties including electrical conductivity and viscosity—increase in ionomer solution viscosity with increasing temperatures (see conducting polymer). Ionomers also have unique morphological properties as the non-polar polymer backbone is energetically incompatible with the polar ionic groups. As a result, the ionic groups in most ionomers will undergo microphase separation to form ionic-rich domains.
Commercial applications for ionomers include golf ball covers, semipermeable membranes, sealing tape and thermoplastic elastomers. Common examples of ionomers include polystyrene sulfonate, Nafion and Hycar.
IUPAC definition
Ionomer: A polymer composed of ionomer molecules.[1]
Ionomer molecule: A macromolecule in which a small but significant proportion of the constitutional units have ionizable or ionic groups, or both.
Note: Some protein molecules may be classified as ionomer molecules.[2]
^Jenkins, A. D.; Kratochvíl, P.; Stepto, R. F. T.; Suter, U. W. (1996). "Glossary of basic terms in polymer science (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)" (PDF). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 68 (12): 2287–2311. doi:10.1351/pac199668122287. S2CID 98774337. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-07-24.
^Jenkins, A. D.; Kratochvíl, P.; Stepto, R. F. T.; Suter, U. W. (1996). "Glossary of basic terms in polymer science (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)" (PDF). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 68 (12): 2287–2311. doi:10.1351/pac199668122287. S2CID 98774337. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-07-24.
An ionomer (/ˌaɪˈɑːnəmər/) (iono- + -mer) is a polymer composed of repeat units of both electrically neutral repeating units and ionized units covalently...
A glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a dental restorative material used in dentistry as a filling material and luting cement, including for orthodontic bracket...
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polycarboxylate cement—adheres to enamel and dentin. Example brand: PolyF. Glass ionomer cement Resin-based cement Copper-based cement Dental impressions are negative...
available. Recently introduced agents such as resins and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) are claimed to perform better clinically that some traditional...
as a hybrid of two other dental materials, dental composites and glass ionomer cement, in an effort to combine their desirable properties: aesthetics...
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Geraldine M; Zelenay, Piotr (4 August 2017). "Effects of MEA Fabrication and Ionomer Composition on Fuel Cell Performance of PGM-Free ORR Catalyst". ECS Transactions...
"The role of alumina in aluminoborosilicate glasses for use in glass–ionomer cements". Journal of Materials Chemistry. 19 (22): 3652. doi:10.1039/B822285A...
a higher failure rate when compared to molar bands cemented with glass ionomer cement. Failure of orthodontic brackets, bonded tubes or bands will increase...
paperboard/tray usually has a heat-seal coating. The plastic film (LDPE, ionomer, etc.) is softened by heat and draped over the product on the card/tray...
wear resistance and hardness of another type of filling material, glass ionomer cements, through the addition of silver. While the incorporation of silver...
business and associated R&D, as well as Dow's acrylic acid copolymers and ionomers businesses. The remedy submission in turn delayed the commission's review...
26 K. Usually not classified with charge-neutral inorganic polymers are ionomers. Phosphorus–oxygen and boron-oxide polymers include the polyphosphates...
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