Ion layer gas reaction (ILGAR®) is a non-vacuum, thin-film deposition technique developed and patented[1] by the group of Professor Dr. Christian-Herbert Fischer at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin for materials and energy in Berlin, Germany. It is a sequential and cyclic process that enables the deposition of semiconductor thin films, mainly for (although not restricted to) photovoltaic applications, specially chalcopyrite absorber layers and buffer layers. The ILGAR technique was awarded as German High Tech Champion 2011 by the Fraunhofer Society.[2]
ILGAR is a chemical process that allows for the deposition of layers in a homogeneous, adherent and mechanically stable form without using vacuum or high temperatures. It is a sequential and cyclic process which can be automated and scaled up. It consists basically of the following steps:
Schematic diagram showing the steps of the spray ILGAR process. Note the sequential and cyclic nature of the process.
Application of a precursor solution on a substrate by dipping (Dip-ILGAR) or spraying (Spray ILGAR).
Reaction of the dry solid precursor layer with a hydrogen chalcogenide gas.
These steps are repeated until the desired layer thickness is obtained.
In the case of spray-ILGAR, the spray deposition of the ionic layer is performed using similar equipment to atmospheric pressure aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition or spray pyrolysis.
Spray pyrolysis can be regarded as a simplified version of the spray ILGAR process, where there is no reaction of the precursor layer with a reactant gas.
The cyclical nature of this process makes it similar to atomic layer deposition (ALD), which is also used for buffer layer deposition.
^"Espacenet - Bibliographic data". worldwide.espacenet.com. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
^"Rodrigo Sáez-Araoz". research-in-germany.de. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
and 22 Related for: Ion layer gas reaction information
thruster creates a cloud of positive ions from a neutral gas by ionizing it to extract some electrons from its atoms. The ions are then accelerated using electricity...
regions of different gas particles attract one another; gases that contain permanently charged ions are known as plasmas. Gaseous compounds with polar covalent...
ion implanters and ion engines. Electron ionization is widely used in mass spectrometry, particularly for organic molecules. The gas phase reaction producing...
hydroxide ion, but covalent compounds which contain hydroxy groups. The hydroxide ion is naturally produced from water by the self-ionization reaction: H3O+...
Mamedov, Russian fencer Ilgar Mammadov, Azerbaijani politician IonLayerGasReaction, a non-vacuum technique for thin film deposition The Ilgar language...
Water gas is a kind of fuel gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It is produced by "alternately hot blowing a fuel layer [coke] with air and...
subtypes Stationary Plasma Thruster (SPT) and Thruster with Anode Layer (TAL) Colloid ion thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Nano-particle field...
hydronium (H3O+) ion from the solution. It causes an ion-selective depletion of near surface layers of glasses and gives an inverse-square-root dependence...
electrochemical reaction. Unlike in other chemical reactions, in electrochemical reactions electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules...
transfer reaction mass spectrometry Secondary electrospray ionization Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry Standard addition Thin layer chromatography...
electrochemical reaction between the liquid and the gaseous phase. GDEs are used in fuel cells, where oxygen and hydrogen react at the gas diffusion electrodes...
chamber (causing resputtering). Alternatively, at higher gas pressures, the ions collide with the gas atoms that act as a moderator and move diffusively, reaching...
ions out of the electrolyte pervade the double-layer. This pseudocapacitance stores electrical energy by means of reversible faradaic redox reactions...
mixture into its components. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid solvent (gas or liquid) called the mobile phase, which carries it through a system (a...
Molecular layer deposition (MLD) is a vapour phase thin film deposition technique based on self-limiting surface reactions carried out in a sequential...
oxidation–reduction reactions. A common apparatus generally consists of two different metals, each immersed in separate beakers containing their respective metal ions in...
silicon by alternating reaction with chlorine and etching with argon ions. This is a better-controlled process than reactive ion etching, though the issue...
separates the gases. The diaphragm only allows water and hydroxide ions to pass through, but does not completely eliminate gas cross-over. Oxygen gas can enter...
inductively heating the gas with an electromagnetic coil, and contains a sufficient concentration of ions and electrons to make the gas electrically conductive...
dissolve in the organic layer. The other reaction products, including the magnesium bromide, will remain in the aqueous layer, clearly showing that separation...
the chemical reaction. There are two classes of redox reactions: Electron-transfer – Only one (usually) electron flows from the atom, ion or molecule being...
Global Information