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An experimental Touchstone Delta(1990) built at Caltech
Intel Paragon XP/S(1992) at Computer History Museum
Intel Paragon XP/E(1993) single cabinet system Cats
The Intel Paragon is a discontinued series of massively parallel supercomputers that was produced by Intel in the 1990s. The Paragon XP/S is a productized version of the experimental Touchstone Delta system that was built at Caltech, launched in 1992. The Paragon superseded Intel's earlier iPSC/860 system, to which it is closely related.
The Paragon series is based on the Intel i860 RISC microprocessor. Up to 2048 (later, up to 4096) i860s are connected in a 2D grid. In 1993, an entry-level Paragon XP/E variant was announced with up to 32 compute nodes.
Mesh interconnect on XP/E cabinet
The system architecture is a partitioned system, with the majority of the system comprising diskless compute nodes and a small number of I/O nodes interactive service nodes. Since the bulk of the nodes have no permanent storage, it is possible to "Red/Black switch" the compute partition from classified to unclassified by disconnecting one set of I/O nodes with classified disks and then connecting an unclassified I/O partition.
Intel intended the Paragon to run the OSF/1 AD distributed operating system on all processors. However, this was found to be inefficient in practice, and a light-weight kernel called SUNMOS was developed at Sandia National Laboratories to replace OSF/1 AD on the Paragon's compute processors.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory operated a Paragon XP/S 150 MP, one of the largest Paragon systems, for several years.
The prototype for the Intel Paragon was the Intel Delta, built by Intel with funding from DARPA and installed operationally at the California Institute of Technology in the late 1980s with funding from the National Science Foundation. The Delta was one of the few computers to sit significantly above the curve of Moore's Law.
The IntelParagon is a discontinued series of massively parallel supercomputers that was produced by Intel in the 1990s. The Paragon XP/S is a productized...
Used in the Intel Delta massively parallel supercomputer prototype, emplaced at California Institute of Technology Used in the IntelParagon massively parallel...
ASCI Red was built by Intel and installed at Sandia National Laboratories in late 1996. The design was based on the IntelParagon computer. The original...
Look up paragon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Paragon may refer to: Paragon, Indiana, a town in the United States Paragon, Nebraska, former community...
supercomputer systems, including the Intel iPSC/1, iPSC/2, iPSC/860, Paragon and ASCI Red. In November 2014, Intel stated that it was planning to use optical...
computing facility). Locus was commissioned by Intel to produce a multiprocessor version of OSF/1 for the IntelParagon a massively parallel NORMA (No Remote Memory...
Sciences, or CCS, and had an IntelParagon computer. Over time, it expanded to contain many supercomputers including the IntelParagon, an IBM system based on...
IntelParagon could have 1,000 to 4,000 Intel i860 processors in various configurations, and was ranked the fastest in the world in 1993. The Paragon...
The IntelParagon could have 1000 to 4000 Intel i860 processors in various configurations and was ranked the fastest in the world in 1993. The Paragon was...
(National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan Japan, November 1994 – June 1996) IntelParagon XP/S140 (Sandia National Laboratories United States, June 1994 – November...
360/91 and an IBM 360/65. In 1995 ORNL bought an IntelParagon based computer called the IntelParagon XP/S 150 that performed at 154 gigaFLOPS and ranked...
The Intel i860 (also known as 80860) is a RISC microprocessor design introduced by Intel in 1989. It is one of Intel's first attempts at an entirely new...
CCS in 1992 ushered in a series of IntelParagon computers, including: IntelParagon XP/S 5 (1992): The IntelParagon XP/S 5 provided 128 GP compute nodes...
Paragon Software Group is a German software company that develops hard drive management software, low-level file system drivers and storage technologies...
Endeavour supercomputer. The systems are based on SGI and HPE architecture with Intel processors. The main building also houses disk and archival tape storage...
eye-TAY-nee-əm) is a discontinued family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64). The Itanium...
of supercomputers that have been operated by or resided at Sandia: IntelParagon XP/S 140, 1993 to ? ASCI Red, 1997 to 2006 Red Storm, 2005 to 2012 Cielo...
on the IntelParagon. SUNMOS was developed as a reaction to the heavy weight version of OSF/1 that ran as a single-system image on the Paragon and consumed...
powerful supercomputer November 1993 Succeeded by IntelParagon XP/S140 143.4 gigaflops Preceded by IntelParagon XP/S140 143.4 gigaflops World's most powerful...
been supplanted by even higher performance systems during the 2000s. IntelParagon I/O node with HIPPI interface Parallel HPPI interface connections GSN...
Institute of Technology which evolved into the IntelParagon. Moler, Cleve (October 28, 2013). "The Intel Hypercube, part 1". Retrieved November 4, 2013...
microkernel called Catamount, which is descended from the SUNMOS OS of the IntelParagon; in UNICOS/lc 2.0, Catamount was replaced by a specially tuned version...
and University of New Mexico researchers began work on SUNMOS for the IntelParagon in the early 1990s. This operating system evolved into the Puma, Cougar...
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