This is a historical list of fastest computers and includes computers and supercomputers which were considered the fastest in the world at the time they were built.
Year
Country of site
Site
Vendor / builder
Computer
Performance[a]
R
1938
Germany
N/A
Konrad Zuse
Z1
1.00
IPS
[1]
1941
Z3
20.00
IPS
[2]
1946
United States
University of Pennsylvania
Moore School of Electrical Engineering
ENIAC
5.00
kIPS
[3]
1951
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory
Whirlwind I
20.00
kIPS
[4]
1958
McGuire Air Force Base
IBM
AN/FSQ-7
75.00
kIPS
[5]
1960
United States
Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
7090
229.00
kIPS
[6]
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Remington Rand's UNIVAC
LARC
250.00
kIPS
[7]
1961
United States
Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
IBM
7030 Stretch
1.20
MIPS
[8]
1962
United Kingdom
University of Manchester
University of Manchester, Ferranti International, and Plessey Co.
Atlas
1.00
MFLOPS
[9]
1964
United States
Lawrence Livermore and Los Alamos
CDC
6600
3.00
MFLOPS
[10]
1969
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
7600
36.00
MFLOPS
[11]
1974
STAR-100
100.00
MFLOPS
[12]
1976
Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
Cray
Cray-1
160.00
MFLOPS
[13]
1980
United Kingdom
Meteorological Office, Bracknell
CDC
Cyber 205
400.00
MFLOPS
[14]
1983
United States
National Security Agency
Cray
X-MP/4
713.00
MFLOPS*
[15]
1985
United States
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Cray
Cray-2
1.41
GFLOPS*
[16]
1988
NASA Ames Research Center
Y-MP/832
2.14
GFLOPS*
[15]
1990
Japan
Fuji Heavy Industries
Fujitsu
VP2600/10
4.00
GFLOPS*
[17]
1992
Canada
Atmospheric Environment Service
NEC
SX-3/44
20.00
GFLOPS*
[18]
1993
United States
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Thinking Machines
CM-5/1024
59.70
GFLOPS*
[19]
Japan
National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan
Fujitsu
Numerical Wind Tunnel
124.20
GFLOPS*
[20]
1994
United States
Sandia National Laboratories
Intel
Paragon XP/S 140
143.40
GFLOPS*
[21]
Japan
National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan
Fujitsu
Numerical Wind Tunnel
170.00
GFLOPS*
[20]
1996
University of Tokyo
Hitachi
SR2201
232.40
GFLOPS*
[22]
University of Tsukuba
CP-PACS
368.20
GFLOPS*
[23]
1997
United States
Sandia National Laboratories
Intel
ASCI Red
1.06
TFLOPS*
[24]
2000
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
IBM
ASCI White
4.93
TFLOPS*
[25]
2001
7.20
TFLOPS*
2002
Japan
JAMSTEC Earth Simulator Center
NEC
Earth Simulator
35.86
TFLOPS*
[26]
2004
United States
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
IBM
Blue Gene/L
70.72
TFLOPS*
[27]
2005
136.80
TFLOPS*
280.60
TFLOPS*
2007
478.20
TFLOPS*
2008
United States
Los Alamos National Laboratory
IBM
Roadrunner
1.02
PFLOPS*
[28]
1.10
PFLOPS*
2009
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Cray
Jaguar
1.75
PFLOPS*
[29]
2010
China
National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin
National University of Defense Technology
Tianhe-1A
2.57
PFLOPS*
[30]
2011
Japan
RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science
Fujitsu
K computer
10.51
PFLOPS*
[31]
2012
United States
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
IBM
Sequoia (Blue Gene/Q)
16.32
PFLOPS*
[32]
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Cray
Titan
17.59
PFLOPS*
[33]
2013
China
National Supercomputing Center of Guangzhou
National University of Defense Technology
Tianhe-2
33.86
PFLOPS*
[34]
2016
National Supercomputing Center of Wuxi
NRCPC
Sunway TaihuLight
93.01
PFLOPS*
[35]
2018
United States
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
IBM
Summit
122.30
PFLOPS*
[36]
2019
148.60
PFLOPS*
[37]
2020
Japan
RIKEN Center for Computational Science
Fujitsu
Fugaku
415.53
PFLOPS*
[38]
442.01
PFLOPS*
2022
United States
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
HPE Cray
Frontier
1.102
EFLOPS*
[39]
2023
1.194
EFLOPS*
a.^ An asterisk (*) denotes Rmax – the highest score measured using the LINPACK benchmarks suite.
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (April 2016)
^"History of Computers and Computing, Birth of the modern computer, Relays computer, Konrad Zuse". history-computer.com. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
^Reinhardt, Helmut (1996). Automatisierungstechnik : theoretische und gerätetechnische Grundlagen, SPS (in German). Berlin: Springer. p. 241. ISBN 3-540-60626-2. OCLC 68764206.
^Koerner, Brendan I. (2014-11-25). "How the World's First Computer Was Rescued From the Scrap Heap". Wired. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
^Everett, R. R. (1951). "The Whirlwind I computer". Papers and Discussions Presented at the December 10–12, 1951, Joint AIEE-IRE Computer Conference: Review of Electronic Digital Computers. ACM: 70–74. doi:10.1145/1434770.1434781. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
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