In scientific publishing, the 1969 Ingelfinger rule originally stipulated that The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) would not publish findings that had been published elsewhere, in other media or in other journals. The rule was subsequently adopted by several other scientific journals, and has shaped scientific publishing ever since.[1] Historically it has also helped to ensure that the journal's content is fresh and does not duplicate content previously reported elsewhere,[2] and seeks to protect the scientific embargo system.[3]
The Ingelfinger rule has been seen as having the aim of preventing authors from performing duplicate publications which would unduly inflate their publication record.[4] On the other hand, it has also been stated that the real reason for the Ingelfinger rule is to protect the journals' revenue stream, and with the increase in popularity of preprint servers [5] such as arXiv, bioRxiv, and HAL many journals have loosened their requirements concerning the Ingelfinger rule.[6] In a defense of the policy, the journal said in an editorial that the practice discouraged scientists from talking to the media before their work was peer reviewed.[7]
The rule is named for Franz J. Ingelfinger, the NEJM editor-in-chief who enunciated it in 1969. An earlier version of the policy had been expressed in 1960 by Samuel Goudsmit, editor of the Physical Review Letters, but did not become as well known.[8]
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"Ingelfinger rule definition". Medicine.net. 13 June 2000. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
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Schachtman, NA (20 June 2014). "Selective Leaking — Breaking Ingelfinger's Rule". Schachtman Law Blog. Retrieved 2015-05-23.
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Lariviere, V; Gingras, Y (2009). "On the prevalence and scientific impact of duplicate publications in different scientific fields (1980-2007)". arXiv:0906.4019 [physics.soc-ph].
^Heidary, Fatemeh; Gharebaghi, Reza (2021-05-31). "COVID-19 impact on research and publication ethics". Medical Hypothesis, Discovery & Innovation in Ophthalmology. 10 (1): 1–4. doi:10.51329/mehdiophthal1414. ISSN 2322-3219. PMC 10460218. PMID 37641621. S2CID 236407601.
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Borgman, CL (2007). Scholarship in the digital age: information, infrastructure, and the Internet. MIT Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-262-02619-2.
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Angell, M; Kassirer, J (1991). "The Ingelfinger Rule Revisited". The New England Journal of Medicine. 325 (19): 1371–1373. doi:10.1056/NEJM199111073251910. PMID 1669838.
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Lewenstein, BV (1988). "It's Not Really the Relman Rule". ScienceWriters. 36 (2): 17–18.
In scientific publishing, the 1969 Ingelfingerrule originally stipulated that The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) would not publish findings that...
have not been published or released elsewhere. Referred to as the Ingelfingerrule, the policy is intended to protect newsworthiness, and to subject research...
minority of publishers decide on a case-by-case basis or interpret the IngelfingerRule to disqualify from submission. Yet, many journals prohibit or discourage...
was given by Franz J. Ingelfinger, the editor of The New England Journal of Medicine, in 1969. He coined the Ingelfingerrule term banning republications...
what is known as the Ingelfingerrule, named after the editor of The New England Journal of Medicine 1967–1977, Franz Ingelfinger. Guest authorship (where...
Franz J. Ingelfinger which prohibited seeking publicity for research prior to its submission or publication, informally called the IngelfingerRule. In 1989...
consider preprints to be a 'prior publication' for purpose of the Ingelfingerrule. The bioRxiv to Journals (B2J) initiative allows authors to submit...
exceptions in their own policies. Copyright policies of academic publishers Ingelfingerrule List of open-access journals List of preprint repositories Klebel,...
whether "journal editors may [...] be using [news embargoes and the IngelfingerRule] to enhance the status of their publications, with an eye toward attracting...
journals may not accept the work after it has been circulated under the "Ingelfingerrule". Other considerations revolve around how scientists will be perceived...
actually publish the scientific articles, so it is not affected by the Ingelfingerrule which regulates the duplication of publications. The same manuscript...
Precedings and whether these submissions would lead to violations of the Ingelfingerrule, a policy in which journals will not publish a manuscript if its findings...
21-1: Approach to the Patient with Hematuria – Case 1. OCLC 1121597721. Ingelfinger, Julie R. (8 July 2021). "Hematuria in Adults". New England Journal of...
"Some old-fashioned enemas still work and are still used". RN. 64: 80. Ingelfinger, Franz J. (1954). "Treatment of Chronic Constipation". Clinical and Patient...
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