Violation of codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in scientific research
For dishonesty in educational settings, see Academic dishonesty. For unscientific claims presented as science, see Pseudoscience.
Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in the publication of professional scientific research. It is violation of scientific integrity: violation of the scientific method and of research ethics in science, including in the design, conduct, and reporting of research.
A Lancet review on Handling of Scientific Misconduct in Scandinavian countries provides the following sample definitions,[1] reproduced in The COPE report 1999:[2]
Danish definition: "Intention or gross negligence leading to fabrication of the scientific message or a false credit or emphasis given to a scientist"
Swedish definition: "Intention[al] distortion of the research process by fabrication of data, text, hypothesis, or methods from another researcher's manuscript form or publication; or distortion of the research process in other ways."
The consequences of scientific misconduct can be damaging for perpetrators and journal audience[3][4] and for any individual who exposes it.[5] In addition there are public health implications attached to the promotion of medical or other interventions based on false or fabricated research findings.
Three percent of the 3,475 research institutions that report to the US Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Research Integrity, indicate some form of scientific misconduct.[6] However the ORI will only investigate allegations of impropriety where research was funded by federal grants. They routinely monitor such research publications for red flags and their investigation is subject to a statute of limitations. Other private organizations like the Committee of Medical Journal Editors (COJE) can only police their own members.[7]
^Nylenna, M.; Andersen, D.; Dahlquist, G.; Sarvas, M.; Aakvaag, A. (1999). "Handling of scientific dishonesty in the Nordic countries. National Committees on Scientific Dishonesty in the Nordic Countries". Lancet. 354 (9172): 57–61. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07133-5. PMID 10406378. S2CID 36326829.
^"Coping with fraud" (PDF). The COPE Report 1999: 11–18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2006-09-02. It is 10 years, to the month, since Stephen Lock ... Reproduced with kind permission of the Editor, The Lancet.
^Xie, Yun (2008-08-12). "What are the consequences of scientific misconduct?". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
^Redman, B. K.; Merz, J. F. (2008). "SOCIOLOGY: Scientific Misconduct: Do the Punishments Fit the Crime?" (PDF). Science. 321 (5890): 775. doi:10.1126/science.1158052. PMID 18687942. S2CID 206512870.
^"Consequences of Whistleblowing for the Whistleblower in Misconduct in Science Cases". Research Triangle Institute. 1995. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-24. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
^Singh, Dr. Yatendra Kumar; Kumar Dubey, Bipin (2021). Introduction of Research Methods and Publication Ethics. New Delhi: Friends Publications (India). p. 90. ISBN 978-93-90649-38-9.
^Part III. Department of Health and Human Services Archived 2021-10-22 at the Wayback Machine
and 26 Related for: Scientific misconduct information
Scientificmisconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in the publication of professional scientific research...
Scientificmisconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in the publication of professional scientific research...
2010s, a series of separate allegations of scientificmisconducts were raised involving several scientific papers from various Japanese universities....
the study of applied ethics. Its scope ranges from general scientific integrity and misconduct to the treatment of human and animal subjects. The societal...
suspicions of scientificmisconduct". Karolinska Institutet. Retrieved 12 February 2016. The Lancet (2015). "Paolo Macchiarini is not guilty of scientific misconduct"...
self-regulation processes implemented by scientific communities and institutions. Formalized definitions of scientificmisconduct, and codes of conduct, became the...
to consider the appeal in October 2023. Sweden's Expert Group on ScientificMisconduct found evidence of research fraud by Macchiarini and his co-authors...
double-blind protocols). There have also been cases of deliberate scientificmisconduct. N-rays (1903) A reported faint visual effect that experimenters...
obsolete, incomplete, or over-simplified expositions of scientific ideas. The term "scientificmisconduct" refers to situations such as where researchers have...
human obesity and aging. In 2000, Poehlman was investigated for scientificmisconduct; the case continued for several years and in 2005, he admitted to...
by the federal government found no evidence of scientific fraud and cleared Imanishi-Kari of misconduct, although the paper was not reinstated. 1982 John...
led to the Food and Drug Administration's uncovering of extensive scientificmisconduct by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories in 1976. Gereffi, Gary (1983)...
In 2012, the Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty concluded that she had been guilty of scientificmisconduct. As of 2020 Penkowa has had nine of...
and affiliations of all authors are given. In the wake of some scientificmisconduct cases, publishers often require that all co-authors know and agree...
The Bird of Washington, Washington Eagle or Great Sea Eagle (Falco washingtonii, F. washingtoniensis, F. washingtonianus, or Haliaetus washingtoni) was...
fabricating and manipulating data for his research publications. This scientificmisconduct took place over a number of years and affected dozens of his publications...
JAIDS, and a peer reviewer had warned that the authors could face scientificmisconduct charges if the paper were published. The reviewers claimed that...
The MIT Open Agriculture Initiative (OpenAg) was founded in 2015 by Caleb Harper as an initiative of the MIT Media Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of...
cells, Riken launched an investigation that discovered examples of scientificmisconduct on the part of Obokata. Attempts to replicate Obokata's STAP cell...
The Hwang affair, or Hwang scandal, or Hwanggate, is a case of scientificmisconduct and ethical issues surrounding a South Korean biologist, Hwang Woo-suk...
and Beat Disease. Sterling. ISBN 978-1402776632. Scientificmisconduct List of scientificmisconduct incidents Ackerman, Todd (March 4, 2016). "M.D. Anderson...
reported that Matson had 24 of his research papers retracted due to scientificmisconduct. Matson was born on June 23, 1951, in Watseka, Illinois. He received...
Harvard University announced an internal investigation of alleged scientificmisconduct by Hauser. On August 20, 2010, Michael Smith, Dean of Harvard's...
the mainstream media in the Netherlands for multiple incidents of scientificmisconduct. Her research "aims to understand the neural and neuromodular underpinnings...
software engineer, in 2004. They have one son, Branden Dookhan. Scientificmisconduct Randox#Data_tampering - a UK toxicology data tampering scandal impacting...
Global Information