For the 1992 album by pianist Marilyn Crispell and saxophonist Tim Berne, see Inference (album). For the process in statistics and machine learning, see Statistical inference.
"Inferred" redirects here. Not to be confused with Infrared.
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Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences; etymologically, the word infer means to "carry forward". Inference is theoretically traditionally divided into deduction and induction, a distinction that in Europe dates at least to Aristotle (300s BCE). Deduction is inference deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true, with the laws of valid inference being studied in logic. Induction is inference from particular evidence to a universal conclusion. A third type of inference is sometimes distinguished, notably by Charles Sanders Peirce, contradistinguishing abduction from induction.
Various fields study how inference is done in practice. Human inference (i.e. how humans draw conclusions) is traditionally studied within the fields of logic, argumentation studies, and cognitive psychology; artificial intelligence researchers develop automated inference systems to emulate human inference. Statistical inference uses mathematics to draw conclusions in the presence of uncertainty. This generalizes deterministic reasoning, with the absence of uncertainty as a special case. Statistical inference uses quantitative or qualitative (categorical) data which may be subject to random variations.
Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences; etymologically, the word infer means to "carry forward". Inference is...
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying distribution of probability. Inferential statistical...
Bayesian inference (/ˈbeɪziən/ BAY-zee-ən or /ˈbeɪʒən/ BAY-zhən) is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to update the probability...
In philosophy of logic and logic, a rule of inference, inference rule or transformation rule is a logical form consisting of a function which takes premises...
system. The main difference between causal inference and inference of association is that causal inference analyzes the response of an effect variable...
formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths. It examines how conclusions follow from premises due...
Deductive reasoning is the process of drawing valid inferences. An inference is valid if its conclusion follows logically from its premises, meaning that...
Type inference, sometimes called type reconstruction,: 320 refers to the automatic detection of the type of an expression in a formal language. These...
Abductive reasoning (also called abduction, abductive inference, or retroduction) is a form of logical inference that seeks the simplest and most likely conclusion...
In the field of artificial intelligence, an inference engine is a software component of an intelligent system that applies logical rules to the knowledge...
Approximate inference methods make it possible to learn realistic models from big data by trading off computation time for accuracy, when exact learning...
Frequentist inference is a type of statistical inference based in frequentist probability, which treats “probability” in equivalent terms to “frequency”...
enhance prediction accuracy. This principle integrates Bayesian inference with active inference, where actions are guided by predictions and sensory feedback...
prediction, statistical syllogism, argument from analogy, and causal inference. There are also differences in how their results are regarded. A generalization...
In mathematical logic, deep inference names a general idea in structural proof theory that breaks with the classical sequent calculus by generalising...
Spontaneous trait inference is the term utilised in social psychology to describe the mechanism that causes individuals to form impressions of people...
Bayesian inference refers to statistical inference where uncertainty in inferences is quantified using probability. In classical frequentist inference, model...
techniques for approximating intractable integrals arising in Bayesian inference and machine learning. They are typically used in complex statistical models...
An immediate inference is an inference which can be made from only one statement or proposition. For instance, from the statement "All toads are green"...
Fiducial inference is one of a number of different types of statistical inference. These are rules, intended for general application, by which conclusions...
statistical inferences simultaneously or estimates a subset of parameters selected based on the observed values. The larger the number of inferences made, the...
In logic, inference is the process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true. In checking a logical inference for formal...
reasoning) is an inference method described colloquially as working backward from the goal. It is used in automated theorem provers, inference engines, proof...
Indirect inference is a simulation-based method for estimating the parameters of economic models. It is a computational method for determining acceptable...
Adverse inference is a legal inference, adverse to the concerned party, drawn from silence or absence of requested evidence. It is part of evidence codes...
Trajectory inference or pseudotemporal ordering is a computational technique used in single-cell transcriptomics to determine the pattern of a dynamic...
often seen as the study of the laws of thought, correct reasoning, valid inference, or logical truth. It is a formal science that investigates how conclusions...
An Inference Attack is a data mining technique performed by analyzing data in order to illegitimately gain knowledge about a subject or database. A subject's...
ecological inference fallacy or population fallacy) is a formal fallacy in the interpretation of statistical data that occurs when inferences about the...
Keystroke inference attacks are a class of privacy-invasive technique that allows attackers to infer what a user is typing on a keyboard. The origins...
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