Study of the relationship between employers, employees and others
For the journal, see Industrial Relations (journal).
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Industrial relations or employment relations is the multidisciplinary academic field that studies the employment relationship;[1] that is, the complex interrelations between employers and employees, labor/trade
unions, employer organizations, and the state.
The newer name, "Employment Relations" is increasingly taking precedence because "industrial relations" is often seen to have relatively narrow connotations.[2] Nevertheless, industrial relations has frequently been concerned with employment relationships in the broadest sense, including "non-industrial" employment relationships. This is sometimes seen as paralleling a trend in the separate but related discipline of human resource management.[3]
While some scholars regard or treat industrial/employment relations as synonymous with employee relations and labour relations, this is controversial, because of the narrower focus of employee/labour relations, i.e. on employees or labour, from the perspective of employers, managers and/or officials. In addition, employee relations is often perceived as dealing only with non-unionized workers, whereas labour relations is seen as dealing with organized labour, i.e unionized workers.[4][better source needed] Some academics, universities and other institutions regard human resource management as synonymous with one or more of the above disciplines,[5] although this too is controversial.
^Ackers 2002; Kaufman 2004, p. 94.
^Lewis, Thornhill & Saunders 2003, p. 3.
^Banfield & Kay 2008, p. 114.
^Ogilvie, John R. (2006). CLEP Principles of Management. Piscataway, New Jersey: Research & Education Association. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-7386-0125-0.
^Rose 2008.
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