Official strategic effort to encourage the development and growth of all or part of the economy
Public finance
Policies
Agricultural
Economic
Energy
Industrial
Investment
Social
Trade
Fiscal
Monetary
Policy mix
Fiscal policy
Budget
policy
Debt
internal
Deficit / surplus
Finance ministry
Fiscal union
Revenue
Spending
deficit
Tax
Monetary policy
Bank reserves
requirements
Discount window
Gold reserves
Interest rate
Monetary authority
central bank
currency board
Monetary base
Monetary (currency) union
Money supply
Trade policy
Balance of trade
Free trade
Gains from trade
Non-tariff barrier
Protectionism
Tariff
Trade bloc
Trade creation
Trade diversion
Trade / commerce ministry
Revenue
Spending
Non-tax revenue
Tax revenue
Discretionary spending
Mandatory spending
Optimum
Balanced budget
Economic growth
Price stability
Reform
Fiscal adjustment
Monetary reform
Portal
v
t
e
Industrial policy is government policy to encourage the development and growth of all or part of the economy in pursuit of some public goal.[1][2][3][4] Historically, it has often focused on the manufacturing sector, militarily important sectors, or on fostering an advantage in new technologies. The government takes measures "aimed at improving the competitiveness and capabilities of domestic firms and promoting structural transformation".[5] A country's infrastructure (including transportation, telecommunications and energy industry) is a major enabler of industrial policy.[6]
Industrial policies are interventionist measures typical of mixed economy countries. Many types of industrial policies contain common elements with other types of interventionist practices such as trade policy. Industrial policy is usually seen as separate from broader macroeconomic policies, such as tightening credit and taxing capital gains. Traditional examples of industrial policy include subsidizing export industries and import-substitution-industrialization (ISI), where trade barriers are temporarily imposed on some key sectors, such as manufacturing.[7] By selectively protecting certain industries, these industries are given time to learn (learning by doing) and upgrade. Once competitive enough, these restrictions are lifted to expose the selected industries to the international market.[8] More contemporary industrial policies include measures such as support for linkages between firms and support for upstream technologies.[9]
Economists have debated the role of industrial policy in fostering industrialization and economic development.[1][10] They have also debated concerns that industrial policy threatens free trade and international cooperation.[11]
^ abJuhász, Réka; Steinwender, Claudia (2024). "Industrial Policy and the Great Divergence". Annual Review of Economics. doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-091523-044259. hdl:10419/282363. ISSN 1941-1383.
^Graham 1994, p. 3.
^Bingham 1998, p. 21.
^Rodrik 2004, p. 2. Rodrik uses the term in a more extended fashion, such as to encompass "non-traditional activities in agriculture or services. There is no evidence that the types of market failures that call for industrial policy are located predominantly in industry".
^UNCTAD & UNIDO 2011, p. 34.
^For the relations between industrial policy and infrastructure, see Koh, Jae Myong (2018) Green Infrastructure Financing: Institutional Investors, PPPs and Bankable Projects, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 12–51.
^Krugman 1987.
^Gereffi & Wyman 1990.
^Wear, Andrew (2017-01-24). "Industry policy emerges from globalisation resurgent and more important than ever". The Mandarin. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
^Juhász, Réka; Lane, Nathan; Rodrik, Dani (2024). "The New Economics of Industrial Policy". Annual Review of Economics. doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-081023-024638. ISSN 1941-1383.
^Bown, Chad P. (2024). "Modern Industrial Policy and the World Trade Organization". Annual Review of Economics. doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-100223-041958. ISSN 1941-1383.
Industrialpolicy is government policy to encourage the development and growth of all or part of the economy in pursuit of some public goal. Historically...
Green industrialpolicy (GIP) is strategic government policy that attempts to accelerate the development and growth of green industries to transition towards...
statement on industrial development of India after the IndustrialPolicy of 1948. The 1956 policy continued to constitute the basic economic policy for a long...
The industrialpolicy of Japan was a complicated system devised by the Japanese government after World War II and especially in the 1950s and 1960s. The...
industries allocated to them, DPIIT is responsible for the overall industrialpolicy. It is also responsible for facilitating and increasing the foreign...
of the needed energy resources high priority in industrial government policies. Prior to the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America, followed...
finance. Industrial organization has also had significant practical impacts on antitrust law and competition policy. The development of industrial organization...
activity, from handicraft to high-tech, but it is most commonly applied to industrial design, in which raw materials from the primary sector are transformed...
fuels. With the increasing focus on sustainable development and green industrialpolicy practices, industrialisation increasingly includes technological leapfrogging...
industries were insufficient for sustainable economic growth. The IndustrialPolicy Resolution of 1956, adopted during the Second Five-Year Plan, laid...
èrlíng'èrwǔ) (MIC25, MIC 2025, or MIC2025) is a national strategic plan and industrialpolicy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to further develop the manufacturing...
regulatory policy, anti-trust policy, industrialpolicy and technology-based economic development policy Stabilization policy attempts to stimulate an economy...
Consensus that limited the role of industrialpolicy in economic development processes, some Member States felt that industrial development could be supported...
remained solely responsible for implementation of the government's industrialpolicy initiatives. On 1 July 1993, it was reconstituted as a company to...
by the government. The government body principally concerned with industrialpolicy in Japan was the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. One...
world, economics and industrialpolicy, housing policy, space, counter-terrorism and demography, integration and immigration. Policy Exchange was set up...
Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation (HSIIDC) (established 8 March 1967), formerly Haryana State Industrial Development Corporation...
The Industrial Revolution, sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, was a period of global transition...
scientific and technological resources". Technology policy is a form of "active industrialpolicy", and effectively argues, based on the empirical facts...
Monetary policy is the policy adopted by the monetary authority of a nation to affect monetary and other financial conditions to accomplish broader objectives...
time when industrial jobs in the United States were being moved overseas, contributing to the economic and cultural collapse of small, industrial towns....
liberalised its FDI policy in 2005, allowing up to a 100% FDI stake in ventures. Industrialpolicy reforms have substantially reduced industrial licensing requirements...
The industrial plans for Germany were designs the Allies of World War II considered imposing on Germany in the Aftermath of World War II to reduce and...
bipartisan support for the new legislation, amounting to the largest industrialpolicy move by the US in decades. Chinese authorities reproached to the US...
Global Information
