Indian commerce with early English colonists and the early United States information
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Purchase of Manhattan Island. Alfred Frederickson (1909)
Indian commercial development is defined by as the economic evolution of Native American tribes from hunter-gatherer based societies into fur-trade-based industries. From the early 1500s to the 1800s, intertribal and European relationships evolved in response to the growth of English settlements into the United States.
The commercial relationship of each tribe was dependent upon its geographic resources and the cultural region it was a part in. Native American trade previous to European contact was limited to neighboring tribes as a method to define tribal and social boundaries.[1] The goods traded depended upon each tribes specialization, but each tribe was non dependent upon external trade for survival.[2] The development of trade between European traders and native tribes led to native tribes to specialize in fur trade in exchange for European goods.
Economic contact between Native Americans and English settlers began in the 16th century and lasted until the 19th century. Early relationship between the English and local tribes were dependent upon the animal furs and pelts. Initial English settlement such as Jamestown and Plymouth depended on local tribes for a large portion of their livelihood.[3] As settlements became colonies, conflict steadily rose between both parties as English colonists occupied more lands and territories.
With the notable population growth of English colonies, dependence upon tribal goods dissipated. Indian tribes of the North Eastern woodlands became increasingly dependent upon colonial goods. By the time of the foundation of the United States, the importance of tribal commerce was in decline.
The steady expansion of the United States led to the disenfranchisement of Native Americans. Commercially, goods provided by Native Americans such as furs, had lost significance in the American economy. Political agendas were created that led to the steady expulsion of Native American tribes which confined them to reservations in the West.
By the 1800s, Native American commercial power had all but diminished due to the subjugation of the United States government. Today, Native Americans satisfy commercial demand concerning gaming casinos and provided cultural goods.
^Hickerson 1973, p 18
^Hickerson 1973, p 20
^Vaughan 1965, p 24
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