Indian Territory in the American Civil War information
U.S. state of Oklahoma during the American Civil War
Map of the unorganized territory, 1860Map of the Confederate States including the mostly Union-aligned but deeply divided and split southern border states of Missouri and Kentucky which both had Confederate state governments as well as Unionist, the Arizona Territory, and allied tribes in present-day Oklahoma
Confederate States in the American Civil War
Alabama
Arkansas
Florida
Georgia
Louisiana
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
Dual governments
Kentucky
Missouri
Virginia
West Virginia
Territory
Arizona Territory
Allied tribes in Indian Territory
Cherokee
Chickasaw
Choctaw
Creek
Seminole
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During the American Civil War, most of what is now the U.S. state of Oklahoma was designated as the Indian Territory. It served as an unorganized region that had been set aside specifically for Native American tribes and was occupied mostly by tribes which had been removed from their ancestral lands in the Southeastern United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. As part of the Trans-Mississippi Theater, the Indian Territory was the scene of numerous skirmishes and seven officially recognized battles[1] involving both Native American units allied with the Confederate States of America and Native Americans loyal to the United States government, as well as other Union and Confederate troops.
Most tribal leaders in Indian Territory aligned with the Confederacy.[2] A total of at least 7,860 Native Americans from the Indian Territory participated in the Confederate Army, as both officers and enlisted men;[3] most came from the Five Civilized Tribes: the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole nations.[4] The Union organized several regiments of the Indian Home Guard to serve in the Indian Territory and occasionally in adjacent areas of Kansas, Missouri, and Arkansas.[5]
^"Civil War Sites in Oklahoma". National Park Service. Retrieved August 10, 2008.
^Pollard, Bryan (November 23, 2020). "How the US Civil War Divided Indian Nations". History.com. Retrieved August 29, 2022.
^American Civil War Resource Database
^Confer, Clarissa (2007). The Cherokee Nation in the Civil War. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 4.
^Tom Franzmann. "Indian Home Guard." Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture
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