California's involvement in the American Civil War included sending gold east to support the war effort, recruiting volunteer combat units to replace regular U.S. Army units sent east, in the area west of the Rocky Mountains, maintaining and building numerous camps and fortifications, suppressing secessionist activity (many of these secessionists went east to fight for the Confederacy) and securing the New Mexico Territory against the Confederacy. The State of California did not send its units east, but many citizens traveled east and joined the Union Army there, some of whom became famous.
Democrats had dominated the state from its inception, and Southern Democrats were sympathetic to secession. Although they were a minority in the state, they had become a majority in Southern California and Tulare County, and large numbers resided in San Joaquin, Santa Clara, Monterey, and San Francisco counties. California was home for powerful businessmen who played a significant role in Californian politics through their control of mines, shipping, finance, and the Republican Party but Republicans had been a minority party until the secession crisis. The Civil War split in the Democratic Party allowed Abraham Lincoln to carry the state, albeit by only a slim margin. Unlike most free states, Lincoln won California with only a plurality as opposed to the outright majority in the popular vote.
In the beginning of 1861, as the secession crisis began, the secessionists in San Francisco made an attempt to separate the state and Oregon from the union, which failed. Southern California, with a majority of discontented Californios and Southern secessionists, had already voted for a separate Territorial government and formed militia units, but were kept from secession after the outbreak of war by Federal troops drawn from the frontier forts of the District of Oregon and District of California (primarily Fort Tejon and Fort Mojave).
Patriotic fervor swept California after the attack on Fort Sumter, providing the manpower for Volunteer Regiments recruited mainly from the pro-Union counties in the north of the State. Gold was also provided to support the Union.[1] When the Democratic party split over the war, Republican supporters of Lincoln took control of the state in the September elections. Volunteer Regiments were sent to occupy pro-secessionist Southern California and Tulare County, leaving them generally powerless during the war itself. However some Southerners traveled east to join the Confederate Army, evading Union patrols and hostile Apache. Others remaining in the state attempted to outfit a privateer to prey on coastal shipping, and late in the war two groups of partisan rangers were formed but neither was successful.
Part of a series on the
History of California
Periods
Before 1900
Province of Las Californias
Alta California
California Republic
Conquest of California
Interim governments
California Gold Rush
Since 1900
Topics
Maritime
Wine
Newspapers
Bread
Railroads
Highways
Slavery
Eugenics
Oil
Cities
Anaheim
Chico
Fresno
Los Angeles
Oakland
Pasadena
Piedmont
Riverside
Sacramento
San Bernardino
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara
Santa Monica
Visalia
Regions
Bay Area
San Fernando Valley
Santa Catalina Island
Yosemite
Bibliographies
Bibliography of California history
Bibliography of Los Angeles
California portal
v
t
e
Union states in the American Civil War
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Dual governments
Kentucky
Missouri
Virginia
West Virginia
Territories and D.C.
Arizona
Colorado
Dakota
District of Columbia
Idaho
Indian Territory
Montana
Nebraska
New Mexico
Utah
Washington
v
t
e
^"10 Facts: California during the Civil War". Civil War Trust. 2013-08-13. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
and 27 Related for: California in the American Civil War information
California's involvement intheAmericanCivilWar included sending gold east to support thewar effort, recruiting volunteer combat units to replace regular...
The Pacific coast theater of theAmericanCivilWar consists of major military operations inthe United States on the Pacific Ocean and inthe states and...
who address the origins of theAmericanCivilWar agree that the preservation of the institution of slavery was the principal aim of the eleven Southern...
The following is a list of films and television shows about theAmericanCivilWar (1861-1865). The Battle of Gettysburg (1955) TheCivilWar by Ken Burns...
For example, the Old West subperiod is sometimes used by historians regarding the time from the end of theAmericanCivilWarin 1865 to the when Superintendent...
This is a list of AmericanCivilWar units, consisting of those established as federally organized units as well as units raised by individual states and...
The Utah Territory (September 9, 1850 - January 4, 1896) during theAmericanCivilWar was far from the main operational theaters of war, but still played...
border state of key importance intheAmericanCivilWar. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of thewar, but after a failed attempt by...
statehood inthe United States on October 31, 1864, inthe midst of theAmericanCivilWar, was expedited by Union sympathizers in order to ensure the state's...
The Colorado Territory was formally created in 1861 shortly before the bombardment of Fort Sumter sparked theAmericanCivilWar. Although sentiments were...
relocated to the Houston Museum of African American Culture on June 17, 2020. AmericanCivilWar portal Texas portal Confederate States of America – animated...
Alabama was central to theCivilWar, with the secession convention at Montgomery, the birthplace of the Confederacy, inviting other slaveholding states...
African Americans, including former slaves, served intheAmericanCivilWar. The 186,097 black men who joined the Union Army included 7,122 officers and...
During theAmericanCivilWar, the United States Army, the land force that fought to preserve the collective Union of the states, was often referred to...