An independent scientist (historically also known as gentleman scientist) is a financially independent scientist who pursues scientific study without direct affiliation to a public institution such as a university or government-run research and development body.
The term "gentleman scientist" arose in post-Renaissance Europe,[1] but became less common in the 20th century as government and private funding increased.
Most independent scientists have at some point in their career been affiliated with some academic institution, such as Charles Darwin, who was affiliated with the Geological Society of London.
^J. C. Segen (1992). Dictionary of Modern Medicine. p. 246. ISBN 1-85070-321-3
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unknown. Academic Independentscientist Industrial/applied scientist Citizen scientist Government scientist The number of scientists is vastly different...
and your culture and upbringing, which provide that environment." IndependentScientist Research (K02) Award, National Institute of Mental Health, 2002–2007...
since 2015. Science portal Society portal Independentscientist – Financially independentscientistIndependent scholar – Person who pursues academic and...
The Independent is a British online newspaper. It was established in 1986 as a national morning printed paper. Nicknamed the Indy, it began as a broadsheet...
Lovelock CH CBE FRS (26 July 1919 – 26 July 2022) was an English independentscientist, environmentalist and futurist. He is best known for proposing the...
Statistician Forensic scientist Gentleman scientist – A financially independentscientist who pursues scientific study as a hobby Government scientist Healthcare...
27, 2012. Lovelock, James (2001), Homage to Gaia: The Life of an IndependentScientist (Oxford University Press) Margulis, Lynn. Symbiotic Planet: A New...
and parcel acceptance services. It is attractive to independent contractors, independentscientists, remote workers, digital nomads, and people who travel...
origin and potential for improvement towards civilisation. Unlike his scientist friends, he now thought there was no unbridgeable gap between humans and...
training Gentleman scientist – financially independentscientist who pursues scientific study as a hobby. Government scientist – scientist employed by a country's...
clinical pharmaceutical scientist (or pharmacist-scientist) is a licensed, practicing pharmacist who also functions as an independent researcher in the pharmaceutical...
New Scientist is a popular science magazine covering all aspects of science and technology. Based in London, it publishes weekly English-language editions...
associated with members of the Church of Christ, Scientist. Adherents are commonly known as Christian Scientists or students of Christian Science, and the church...
average scientist, so Lavoisier used his wealth to open a very expensive and sophisticated laboratory in France so that aspiring scientists could study...
Fan fiction Fan art Independent scholar Independentscientist or gentleman scientist, including a list of notable amateur scientists Professional Semi-professional...
(/ˈwʊlfrəm/ WUUL-frəm; born 29 August 1959) is a British-American computer scientist, physicist, and businessman. He is known for his work in computer algebra...
Dawkins has also been strongly critical of the Gaia hypothesis of the independentscientist James Lovelock. Critics of Dawkins's biological approach suggest...
Amani Buckles (born October 27, 1997), known professionally as Mariah the Scientist, is an American singer from Atlanta, Georgia. She signed with Tory Lanez'...
many other denialists frequently invoke the meme of a "courageous independentscientist resisting orthodoxy", invoking the name of persecuted physicist...
agriculture as well as physics, economics, engineering and optics. Muslim scientists who have contributed significantly to science and civilization in the...
1705] – April 17, 1790) was an American polymath, a leading writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher, and political philosopher...
Spot" (December 1983). By the end of 1983, the Scientists were one of the most popular Australian independent bands. Deciding to move on to new horizons,...