Individuals nearly identical in genotype due to long inbreeding
Inbred strains (also called inbred lines, or rarely for animals linear animals) are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbreeding. A strain is inbred when it has undergone at least 20 generations of brother x sister or offspring x parent mating, at which point at least 98.6% of the loci in an individual of the strain will be homozygous, and each individual can be treated effectively as clones. Some inbred strains have been bred for over 150 generations, leaving individuals in the population to be isogenic in nature.[1] Inbred strains of animals are frequently used in laboratories for experiments where for the reproducibility of conclusions all the test animals should be as similar as possible. However, for some experiments, genetic diversity in the test population may be desired. Thus outbred strains of most laboratory animals are also available, where an outbred strain is a strain of an organism that is effectively wildtype in nature, where there is as little inbreeding as possible.[2]
Certain plants including the genetic model organism Arabidopsis thaliana naturally self-pollinate, which makes it quite easy to create inbred strains in the laboratory (other plants, including important genetic models such as maize require transfer of pollen from one flower to another).[3][4]
^Beck JA, Lloyd S, Hafezparast M, Lennon-Pierce M, Eppig JT, Festing MF, Fisher EM (January 2000). "Genealogies of mouse inbred strains". Nature Genetics. 24 (1): 23–5. doi:10.1038/71641. PMID 10615122. S2CID 9173641.
^"Outbred Stocks". Isogenic. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^Roderick TH, Schlager G (1966). "Multiple Factor Inheritance". In Green EL (ed.). Biology of the Laboratory Mouse. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 156. LCCN 65-27978.
^Lyon MF (1981). "Rules for Nomenclature of Inbred Strains". In Green, Margaret C. (ed.). Genetic Variants and Strains of the Laboratory Mouse. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag. p. 368. ISBN 0-89574-152-0.
Inbredstrains (also called inbred lines, or rarely for animals linear animals) are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each...
A recombinant inbredstrain or recombinant inbred line (RIL) is an organism with chromosomes that incorporate an essentially permanent set of recombination...
DBA (Dilute, Brown and non-Agouti) inbred mouse strain and initiated the systematic generation of inbredstrains. The mouse has since been used extensively...
line. A consomic strain is an inbredstrain with one of its chromosomes replaced by the homologous chromosome of another inbredstrain via a series of...
hybridization. But overdominance implies that yields on an inbredstrain should decrease as inbredstrains are selected for the performance of their hybrid crosses...
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congenic and knock-out animals. In order to achieve a mouse strain that is considered inbred, a minimum of 20 sequential generations of sibling matings...
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Other common strains are the Sprague Dawley, Fischer 344, Holtzman albino strains, Long–Evans, and Lister black hooded rats. Inbredstrains are also available...
niece. ^A At this point the individuals are considered to be part of an inbredstrain, and each individual can effectively be considered to be clones. Wright...
FVB is an albino, inbred laboratory mouse strain that is named after its susceptibility to Friend leukemia virus B. This strain was produced from mice...
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targeted mutation at the locus. Congenic strains are generated in the laboratory by mating two inbredstrains (usually rats or mice), and back-crossing...
strain or straining in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Strain may refer to: Strain (biology), variants of plants, viruses or bacteria; or an inbred animal...
S.C. 1985, c. C-46, s. 155". Archived from the original on 2015-04-30. "Inbred Obscurity: Improving Incest Laws in the Shadow of the 'Sexual Family', p...
National Rail station code RIL Recombinant Inbred Lines, a population derived from multiply inbredstrains in order to study complex genetic traits which...
owns the NSG trade mark. The genetic background, derived from inbred NOD mouse strain NOD/ShiLtJ, contributes reductions in innate immunity that include...
South East and East London Fault line, a geological term Inbred line, either of: Inbredstrain or linear organisms, model organisms that are nearly genetically...
dimensionless number in fluid dynamics and transport phenomena Lewis rat, an inbredstrain of laboratory rat Lewis (TV series), a British television detective...
different strain (or species), can be used to increase crop suitability, especially through heterosis. The resulting hybrid strain can sometimes be inbred and...
Wright, S (1934). "An Analysis of Variability in Number of Digits in an InbredStrain of Guinea Pigs". Genetics. 19 (6): 506–36. doi:10.1093/genetics/19.6...
genetically identical (e.g., monozygotic twins, animals of a single inbredstrain; isograft or syngraft). Allogeneic: The donor and recipient are of the...
mouse is the most widely studied model of type 1 diabetes. It is an inbredstrain that spontaneously develops type 1 diabetes in 30–100% of female mice...
the inbredstrains that have been created, the two still used with any frequency are, following Sewall Wright's designations, "Strain 2" and "Strain 13"...
database. MMHCdb contains genetic and genomic information about inbred mouse strains, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and Patient Derived...
National Human Genome Research Institute as a sequencing target. The inbredstrain H. bacteriophora TTO1 was sequenced using Roche 454 technology, and...
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