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Illyrian Provinces
Provinces illyriennes(French)
1809–1814
Flag
Seal
Location of Illyrian Provinces (south-east dark blue) – in the First French Empire (dark blue) – in French client states (light blue)
Status
Autonomous Provinces of the French First Empire
Capital
Laibach (now Ljubljana, Slovenia) Administrative capital Segna (now Senj, Croatia) Military capital
Official languages
French
Demonym(s)
Illyrian
Governor-General
• 1809–1811
Auguste de Marmont
• 1811–1812
Henri Bertrand
• 1812–1813
Jean-Andoche Junot
• 1813–1814
Joseph Fouché
Historical era
Napoleonic Wars
• Treaty of Schönbrunn
14 October 1809
• Siege of Ragusa
27 January 1814
• Congress of Vienna and formal annexation by the Austrian Empire
9 June 1815
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)
Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)
Austrian Empire
Republic of Ragusa
Kingdom of Dalmatia
Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)
Kingdom of Illyria
The Illyrian Provinces[note 1] were an autonomous province of France during the First French Empire that existed under Napoleonic Rule from 1809 to 1814.[1] The province encompassed large parts of modern Italy and Croatia, extending their reach further east through Slovenia, Montenegro, and Austria. Its capital was Ljubljana (German: Laybach, Laibach). It encompassed six départements, making it a relatively large portion of territorial France at the time. Parts of Croatia were split up into Civil Croatia and Military Croatia, the former served as a residential space for French immigrants and Croatian inhabitants and the latter as a military base to check the Ottoman Empire.
In 1809, Napoleon Bonaparte invaded the region with his Grande Armée after key wins during the War of the Fifth Coalition forced the Austrian Empire to cede parts of its territory. Integrating the land into France was Bonaparte's way of controlling Austria's access to the Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea and expanding his empire east. Bonaparte installed four governors to disseminate French bureaucracy, culture, and language. The most famous and influential governor was Auguste de Marmont, who undertook the bulk of Bonaparte's bidding in the area. Marmont was succeeded by Henri Gatien Bertrand (1811–12), Jean-Andoche Junot (1812–13), and Joseph Fouché (1813–14).
Marmont pushed the Code Napoléon throughout the area and led a vast infrastructural expansion. During 1810, the French authorities established the Écoles centrales in Croatia and Slovenia. Although the respective states were allowed to speak and work in their native languages, French was designated as the official language and much of the federal administration was conducted as such. French rule contributed significantly to the provinces even after the Austrian Empire recovered the area in 1813-1814. Napoleon introduced a greater national self-confidence and awareness of freedoms, as well as numerous political reforms. He introduced equality before the law, compulsory military service for men, a uniform tax system, abolished certain tax privileges, introduced modern administration, separated church and state and nationalized the judiciary. French presence in this region saw to a diffusion of French culture and the creation of the Illyrian Movement.[1]
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The IllyrianProvinces were an autonomous province of France during the First French Empire that existed under Napoleonic Rule from 1809 to 1814. The province...
Austrian Empire from 1816 to 1849, the successor state of the Napoleonic IllyrianProvinces, which were reconquered by Austria in the War of the Sixth Coalition...
The Illyrians (Ancient Greek: Ἰλλυριοί, Illyrioi; Latin: Illyrii) were a group of Indo-European-speaking people who inhabited the western Balkan Peninsula...
Illyrians seems to be the name of a single Illyrian tribe that was the first to come into contact with the ancient Greeks, causing the name Illyrians...
the forerunner of Serbo-Croatian Illyrian movement, a cultural movement in 19th century Croatia IllyrianProvinces, a province of the First French Empire...
called the "Illyrian Armorials", depicted fictional coats of arms of Illyria. The name Illyria was revived by Napoleon for the IllyrianProvinces that were...
was inhabited by Illyrian and Celtic tribes until the 1st century BC, when the Romans conquered the region establishing the provinces of Pannonia and Noricum...
The Illyrian language (/ɪˈlɪriən/) was an Indo-European language or group of languages spoken by the Illyrians in Southeast Europe during antiquity. The...
The Illyriciani or Illyrian emperors were a group of Roman emperors during the Crisis of the Third Century who were of Illyrian origins and hailed from...
the Treaty of Schönbrunn in 1809, Napoleon formed the short-lived IllyrianProvinces from the annexed territories in Carniola, Carinthia, Croatia, Gorizia...
and 1813, Rijeka was occupied by Napoleonic France as part of the IllyrianProvinces. After the reconquest by Austria, it was placed within the Kingdom...
the Duke of Gottschee.: 281 During the short-lived period of the IllyrianProvinces, Gottschee was part of the Napoleonic French Empire. Under this arrangement...
Peace of Pressburg, when they temporarily formed part of the French IllyrianProvinces. Not until the Congress of Vienna in 1814–15 was the Kingdom of Dalmatia...
1809 it was ceded to the First French Empire, becoming part of the IllyrianProvinces; it was returned to Austria in 1815, forming part of the Kingdom of...
in 1806 it was included in the French Empire, becoming part of the IllyrianProvinces in 1809. After being occupied in 1813, it was eventually granted to...
incorporated into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy and later into the IllyrianProvinces. In the early 19th to early 20th century, Dubrovnik was part of the...
establishing the IllyrianProvinces. In response, the Royal Navy blockaded the Adriatic Sea, leading to the Battle of Vis in 1811. The Illyrianprovinces were captured...
Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Republic of Venice, the IllyrianProvinces of Napoleon's First French Empire, the Austrian Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian...
together with Dalmatia and Istria, went to the newly created French IllyrianProvinces. Later, in the 1814 Battle of Paris, Marmont abandoned Napoleon and...
praetorian prefectures into which the Late Roman Empire was divided IllyrianProvinces, an autonomous province of France during the First French Empire 1809-1814...
Illyrian religion refers to the religious beliefs and practices of the Illyrian peoples, a group of tribes who spoke the Illyrian languages and inhabited...
Trieste. and parts of Croatia, Dalmatia, and Dubrovnik to form the IllyrianProvinces. The Code Napoléon was introduced, and roads and schools were constructed...
against the Romans in the Great Illyrian revolt, but the uprising was crushed, and in 10 AD Illyricum was split into two provinces—Pannonia and Dalmatia. The...
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