For the Sogdian dynasty, see Ikhshids of Sogdia. For the Turkic dynasty in Egypt, see Ikhshidid dynasty.
Ikhshid (Persian: اخشید; from Sogdian: xšyδ, xšēδ) was the princely title of the Iranian rulers of Soghdia and the Ferghana Valley in Transoxiana during the pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods.[1] The title is of Iranian origin; scholars have derived it variously from the Old Iranian root khshaeta, lit.'shining, brilliant', or from khshāyathiya, 'ruler, king' (which is also the origin of the title 'shah').[1]
Coin of ruler Turgar, Ikhshid of Sogdia.
The Ikhshids of Sogdia, with their capital at Samarkand, are well attested during and after the Muslim conquest of Transoxiana. The line survived into Abbasid times, although by then its seat was in Istikhan.[1] Among the most notable and energetic of the Soghdian kings was Gurak, who in 710 overthrew his predecessor Tarkhun and for almost thirty years, through shifting alliances, managed to preserve a precarious autonomy between the expanding Umayyad Caliphate and the Türgesh khaganate.[2]
The Arab authors report that the title was also used by the ruler of the Principality of Farghana during the same period: Ibn al-Athir reports that it was the ikhshid of Ferghana who called upon the Chinese for aid against the Arabs, resulting in the Battle of Talas.[1]
The title's prestige in Central Asia remained high as late as the 10th century, when it was adopted by the Turkic commander and ruler of Egypt Muhammad ibn Tughj, whose grandfather had come from Ferghana. After his title the short-lived Egyptian dynasty founded by Muhammad al-Ikhshid is known as the Ikhshidid dynasty.[1][3]
Ikhshid (Persian: اخشید; from Sogdian: xšyδ, xšēδ) was the princely title of the Iranian rulers of Soghdia and the Ferghana Valley in Transoxiana during...
end when the Fatimid army conquered Fustat in 969. Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, a Turkic mamluk soldier, was appointed governor by the Abbasid Caliph...
The Ikhshids of Sogdia, or Ikhshids of Samarkand, were a series of rulers of Soghdia in Transoxiana, with their capital at Samarkand, during the pre-Islamic...
modern senses having developed from the original meaning of the king piece. Ikhshid Mirmiran Shah (surname) Yarshater, Ehsan Persia or Iran, Persian or Farsi...
unknown date to 819. The rulers of the region were known by their titles of "ikhshid" and "dehqan". The capital of the principality was Akhsikath. The principality...
Varkhuman, also Vargoman (Chinese: 拂呼縵; pinyin: Fúhūmàn, c. 640-670 CE) was an Ikhshid (King) of Sogdia, residing in the city of Samarkand in the 7th century...
entirely dismiss this claim. The Arab Umayyad Caliphate in 715 deposed Ikhshid, the king the Fergana Valley, and installed a new king Alutar on the throne...
Tarkhun (Chinese: 突昏 tū-hūn, died 710) was a Sogdian ruler (Sogdian: ikhshid) of Samarkand from somewhere 705–707 to 710. After receiving the news of...
First Turkic Khaganate Western Turks Tang dynasty (Anxi Protectorate) Ikhshids of Sogdia Tokhara Yabghus Turk Shahis Oghuz Yabgus Second Turkic Khaganate...
(1097–1231). Like other contemporary Central Asian titles, such as Afshin and Ikhshid, the title of Khwarazmshah is of Iranian origin. Most of Afrighid history...
First Turkic Khaganate Western Turks Tang dynasty (Anxi Protectorate) Ikhshids of Sogdia Tokhara Yabghus Turk Shahis Oghuz Yabgus Second Turkic Khaganate...
First Turkic Khaganate Western Turks Tang dynasty (Anxi Protectorate) Ikhshids of Sogdia Tokhara Yabghus Turk Shahis Oghuz Yabgus Second Turkic Khaganate...
Muslim conquest of Transoxiana. In 710, he was installed as king (Sogdian: ikhshid) of Samarkand after the populace overthrew his predecessor, Tarkhun, due...
dynasty defeats the Arab occupation force in Fergana Valley, reinstalls Ikhshid on the throne. 717 Arabs attack Transoxiana hoping to capture the Tang...
(Sogdian: twrγ'r, Chinese: 咄曷 Duō-hé) was a medieval Sogdian ruler (an Ikhshid) in Transoxiana and successor to his father Ghurak during the period of...
throughout the Islamic Empire so that in the 10th century, the Turkish Ikhshids were able to take control of Egypt and made it an independent political...
of Samarkand, as the pre-eminent among them, used the Sogdian title of ikhshid (as did the kings of Fargana). Rulership was hereditary, but an important...
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