Ibn Buṭlān (left) and two of his students depicted in the Cod. Vindob. S. N. 2644 edition of the Tacuinum sanitatis[1]
Personal
Born
first quarter of the 11th century
Baghdad, Iraq
Died
8 Šauwāl 458 AH 2 September 1066 AD
Antioch, Eastern Roman Empire
Religion
Christianity
Era
Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate Macedonian era
Creed
initial: Church of the East
later: Melkite
Senior posting
Influenced by
Ibn aṭ-Ṭaiyib
ar-Razī
Galen
Aristotle
Hippocrates
Porphyry
Themistius
Dioscorides
Isaac Judaeus
Ibn Riḍwān
Avicenna
Medical career
Profession
Physician
Theologian
Author
Monk
Institutions
al-Bīmāristān al-ʿAḍudī
Monastery of St. Simeon Stylites the Younger
Onomastic information
Arabic name
Personal (Ism)
al-Muḫtār المختار
Patronymic (Nasab)
ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbdūn ibn Saʿdūn ibn Buṭlān بن الحسن بن عبدون بن سعدون بن بطلان
Teknonymic (Kunya)
Abū l-Ḥasan أبو الحسن
Other names
Yuwānnīs إيوانيس
Abū 'l-Ḥasan al-Muḫtār Yuwānnīs ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbdūn ibn Saʿdūn ibn Buṭlān[2] (Arabic: أبو الحسن المختار إيوانيس بن الحسن بن عبدون بن سعدون بن بطلان; listenⓘ; ca. first quarter of the 11th century AD – 8 Šauwāl 458 AH/2 September 1066 AD[3]) known as Ibn Buṭlān (Arabic: ابن بطلان; listenⓘ) was a physician and Arab Christian theologian from Baghdad during the Abbasid era. He left his hometown for travels throughout the Iraq, Syria, Egypt, and Asia Minor during which he practiced medicine, studied, wrote, and engaged in intellectual debates most famously the Battle of the Physicians[a] with Ibn Riḍwān. He was a first-hand witness of the Schism of 1054 in Constantinople, contributing a work to the discussions surrounding it for Patriarch Michael I Cerularius. After his time in Constantinople he remained in the Byzantine Empire, becoming a monk in Antioch during the end of the Macedonian Renaissance.
He is most renowned for his work Taqwīm aṣ-Ṣiḥḥa (Arabic: تقويم الصحّة, lit. 'Tabular Register of Health'; listenⓘ) a handbook on dietetics and hygiene.[b] It was named for its intricate tables, similar to those found within a Taqwīm as-Sana (Arabic: تقويم السنة, lit. 'tabular register of the year'), a type of astrological almanac.[c][8] He was the first person to use these tables in a non-astrological work, creating a new scientific writing format and should therefore be seen as the main influence on all subsequent uses of this format, like Ibn Ǧazla's Taqwīm al-Abdān fī Tadbīr al-Insān[d] and Abū 'l-Fidāʾ's Taqwīm al-Buldān.[e][f][10][11][3][12][13][14] The many preserved manuscripts of Latin translations of the Taqwīm aṣ-Ṣiḥḥa in Europe are thought to illustrate the relationship between early modern Europe and the Arab World in the field of medical science. Despite increased European contact with Egypt and Syria because of the Crusades and trade into the sixteenth century there are no Latin translations of medical texts from Arab writers after Ibn Buṭlān.[15][16]
Ibn Buṭlān is additionally noteworthy for being one of a few non-Muslim physicians about whom enough is known to paint a detailed biography, during a period when the People of the Pact,[g] that is Christians, Jews, and Sabians, dominated the medical profession.[h] Documents like the Cairo Geniza provide scientific records about the medical practices of such physicians but lack reliable information outside of that to create detailed biographies about them and to describe their perception and role within society. Ibn Buṭlān therefore presents an important exception to this general lack of sources.[18]
^Tacuinum Sanitation, Cod. Ser. n. 2644 HAN MAG. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
^Graf, Georg (1944). Geschichte der Christlichen Arabischen Literatur [History of Christian Arabic Literature] (in German). Vol. II. pp. 191–195.
^ abSchacht, J. (1997). "Ibn Buṭlān". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. 3: 740–742. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3120. ISBN 9789004161214 – via Brill.
^Arano, Lusia Cogliati (1976). The medieval Health Handbook - Tacuinum sanitatis. Translated by Ratti, Oscar; Adele, Westbrook. New York: G. Braziller. pp. 6, 11. ISBN 0-8076-0808-4. OCLC 931195251.
^ abLoudon, Irvine (2001). Western Medicine: An Illustrated History. Oxford University Press. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-0-19-924813-1.
^Savage-Smith, Emilie. "Islamic Medical Manuscripts: Bio-Bibliographies - Ibn Butlan". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-13.
^Hau, Friedrun R. (2005). Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte [Encyclopedia of Medical History] (in German). Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 223. ISBN 3-11-015714-4. OCLC 249493450.
^Wickersheimer, Ernest (1950). "Les Tacuini Sanitatis: Et Leur Traduction Allemande Par Michel Herr" [The Tacuini Sanitatis: and their German translation by Michael Herr]. Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance. 12 (1): 85–97. ISSN 0006-1999. JSTOR 20673484 – via JSTOR.
^Ibn Buṭlān,approximately 1068 (1990). Le Taqwīm al-Ṣiḥḥa (Tacuini Sanitatis) d'Ibn Buṭlān : un traité médical du XIe siècle : histoire du texte, édition critique, traduction, commentaire. Hosam Elkhadem. Lovanii: A. Peeters. pp. 37–42. ISBN 90-6831-271-5. OCLC 25171187.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Yousef Jadon, Samira (1968). The Arab Physician Ibn Buṭlān (d. 1066) Medical Manual for the Use of Monks and Country People (in Arabic). Los Angeles. p. 33.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Ibn Buṭlān,approximately 1068 (1990). Le Taqwīm al-Ṣiḥḥa (Tacuini Sanitatis) d'Ibn Buṭlān : un traité médical du XIe siècle : histoire du texte, édition critique, traduction, commentaire. Hosam Elkhadem. Lovanii: A. Peeters. p. 38. ISBN 90-6831-271-5. OCLC 25171187.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Cyril, Elgood (1951). A medical history of Persia and the Eastern caliphate: from the earliest times until the year A.D. 1932. Cambridge University Press. p. 222.
^Cite error: The named reference :15 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Tonwaide, Alain (1996). "Heilkundliche Verfahren im Mittelalter: die Arzneimittel" [Processes of Medical Science in the Middle Ages: the medicines]. Die Geschichte des medizinischen Denkens: Antike und Mittelalter [The History of Medical Thinking: Ancient and Medieval Era] (in German). Bernadino Fantini, Mirko Dražen Gremk, Corinna Fiedler. München: C.H. Beck. p. 291. ISBN 3-406-40286-0. OCLC 36886925.
^Loudon, Irvine (2001). Western Medicine: An Illustrated History. Oxford University Press. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-0-19-924813-1.
^Ibn Butlan's Tacuinum sanitatis in medicina. Strassburg, 1531.
^صديق أحمد عيسى المطيعي (1976). الباب الخامس والأربعون: في الحسبة عل الأطباء، والكحالين، والجرانحيبن، والجبرين [The fourth and fifth Chapter: On the Upholding of Collective Morality of the Physicians, the Ophthalmologists, the Surgeons, and the Setters of Broken Bones]. In Šaʿbān, Muḥammad Maḥmūd (ed.). Maʿlam al-Qurba fī Ṭalaba al-Ḥisba معالم القربة في طلب الحسبة [Teachers of Kinship on Pursuing the Upholding Collective Morality] (in Arabic). Cairo. p. 254.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Conrad, Lawrence (2001). "Ibn Buṭlān in Bilād al-Shām". Syrian Christians under Islam, the First Thousand Years. Leiden: Brill. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-90-04-49746-7. OCLC 1310083914.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
Abū 'l-Ḥasan al-Muḫtār Yuwānnīs ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbdūn ibn Saʿdūn ibnBuṭlān (Arabic: أبو الحسن المختار إيوانيس بن الحسن بن عبدون بن سعدون بن بطلان;...
medical schools and on later medical writers. IbnBuṭlān, otherwise known as Yawānīs al-Mukhtār ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbdūn al-Baghdādī, was an Arab physician...
Christian doctor, IbnButlan, transcribed in the Uyun al-Anba, a book on detailed biographies of physicians in the Islamic world compiled by Ibn Abi Usaybi'a...
induction. He engaged in a celebrated polemic against another physician, IbnButlan of Baghdad. In "The Book of Medical Competence" he mentions the traits...
Baybars during his sack of Antioch. According to the famous Christian Arab IbnButlan, the church was the house of a man called Cassianus, a prince of Antioch...
'Maintenance of Health') is originally an 11th-century Arab medical treatise by ibnButlan of Baghdad. In the West, the work is known by the Latinized name taken...
Jabril ibn Bukhtishu Yuhanna ibn Bukhtishu Abraham the Great of Kashkar Hunayn ibn Ishaq Henana of Adiabene IbnButlan Sergius of Samarkand Shimun VIII...
994 – 'Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Majusi Haly Abbas 1000 – Albucasis (936–1018) surgery Kitab al-Tasrif, surgical instruments. d. 1075 – IbnButlan Christian...
hospital and xenodochium and it is possible that the 11th century physician IbnButlan wrote his work The Physicians' Banquet in this monastery during his stay...
believed to be the head of Saint John. According to the Christian Arab IbnButlan, the church of Cassian in Antioch held the right arm of John the Baptist...
them for his campaign against Aleppo. In the 1050s the famous physician IbnButlan, who later would himself become a monk in Antioch, was impressed by the...
by the Jewish poet Samuel ibn Naghrela. The Western Xia declare their independence from the Liao Dynasty in China. IbnButlan, Arab Nestorian Christian...
II (or Gunzo), bishop of Eichstätt (b. 1019) IbnButlan, Arab Nestorian Christian physician (b. 1038) Ibn Hayyan, Moorish historian and writer (b. 987)...
1978 a reference was found in a 13th-century copy made by Ibn Abi Usaibia of a work by IbnButlan, a Nestorian Christian physician active in Baghdad at the...
Sanitatis, "The Maintenance of Health", a medical digest composed by IbnButlan in Arabic for al-Malik al-Ẓāhir, son of Saladin (1213) Two first edition...
also continued to be invoked in anti-Black rhetoric.: 104 For example, IbnBuṭlān composed a stereotyping description of the qualities of slaves of different...
ibn Batriq (877–940) physician and melkite Patriarch of Alexandria. IbnButlan (1038, 1075) Arab Nestorian Christian physician. Abu Bishr Matta ibn Yunus...
The area was a pilgrimage destination until the thirteenth century. IbnButlan said of the monastery in the mid of the 11th century that its buildings...
significant cartographic works of the European High Middle Ages. 1051: IbnButlan 1101: Nathan ben Jehiel, Arukh: The Lexico Aruch is a talmudical lexicon...
al-Taysir by Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) as Theisir. In 13th century Sicily, Faraj ben Salem translated Rhazes' al-Hawi as Continens as well as IbnButlan's Tacuinum...