Hypoestrogenism, or estrogen deficiency, refers to a lower than normal level of estrogen. It is an umbrella term used to describe estrogen deficiency in various conditions. Estrogen deficiency is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease,[1] and has been linked to diseases like urinary tract infections[2] and osteoporosis.
In women, low levels of estrogen may cause symptoms such as hot flashes, sleeping disturbances, decreased bone health,[3] and changes in the genitourinary system. Hypoestrogenism is most commonly found in women who are postmenopausal, have primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), or are presenting with amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods). Hypoestrogenism includes primarily genitourinary effects, including thinning of the vaginal tissue layers and an increase in vaginal pH. With normal levels of estrogen, the environment of the vagina is protected against inflammation, infections, and sexually transmitted infections.[4] Hypoestrogenism can also occur in men, for instance due to hypogonadism.
There are both hormonal and non-hormonal treatments to prevent the negative effects of low estrogen levels and improve quality of life.
^Cite error: The named reference Atsma2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Perrotta C, Aznar M, Mejia R, Albert X, Ng CW (April 2008). "Oestrogens for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2): CD005131. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005131.pub2. PMID 18425910.
^Prior JC (August 2018). "Progesterone for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in women". Climacteric. 21 (4): 366–374. doi:10.1080/13697137.2018.1467400. PMID 29962257. S2CID 49649035.
^Cite error: The named reference Naumova2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Hypoestrogenism, or estrogen deficiency, refers to a lower than normal level of estrogen. It is an umbrella term used to describe estrogen deficiency...
uterine synechiae (Asherman's syndrome). In order to distinguish between hypoestrogenism or a uterine outflow tract problem/nonreactive endometrium, estrogen...
referred to as hypoandrogenism and low estrogen (e.g., estradiol) as hypoestrogenism. These are responsible for the observed signs and symptoms in both...
levels. Hypoestrogenism, or estrogen deficiency, may suggest menopause is approaching for middle aged women. Other causes of hypoestrogenism are excessive...
of amenorrhea. Symptoms of hypoestrogenism, whose severity will positively correlate with the duration of hypoestrogenism, will be present in FHA patients;...
menopause when estrogen levels decrease. It can also be caused by hypoestrogenism and/or hyperandrogenism in women in general, such as in antiestrogen...
muscle mass. As estrogens are synthesized from androgens, symptoms of hypoestrogenism may be present in both sexes in cases of severe androgen deficiency...
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women, high blood levels of prolactin are typically associated with hypoestrogenism, anovulatory infertility, and changes in menstruation. Menstruation...
and fatigue. Generally, side effects include signs and symptoms of hypoestrogenism. There is concern that long term use may lead to osteoporosis, which...
estrogen resistance, is a form of congenital estrogen deficiency or hypoestrogenism which is caused by a defective estrogen receptor (ER) – specifically...
epiphyseal lines to closure. The inhibition of aromatase can cause hypoestrogenism (low estrogen levels). The following natural products have been found...
blood, anemia, orthostatic hypotension, electrolyte irregularities, hypoestrogenism, vaginal atrophy, and bradycardia. An athlete may show signs of restrictive...
maturation and maintenance of bone mineral density throughout life. Due to hypoestrogenism, the risk of osteoporosis increases during menopause. Women are less...
can minimize some of the deleterious effects of low estrogen levels (hypoestrogenism) resulting from oophorectomy, menopause, or other causes. A Cochrane...
vaginal atrophy associated with menopause in women, the treatment of hypoestrogenism due to hypogonadism, castration, or primary ovarian failure in women...
medical triad for the diagnosis is amenorrhea, hypergonadotropism, and hypoestrogenism. Physical and emotional symptoms are similar to those seen during menopause...
pessimistic." Over the years, Highsmith had female hormone deficiency (Hypoestrogenism), anorexia nervosa, chronic anemia, Buerger's disease, and lung cancer...
estrogen (50 pg/mL estradiol). In aromatase deficiency, a form of hypoestrogenism in which aromatase is defective and cannot synthesize estrogen, and...
(atrophic vaginitis, atrophic urethritis) associated with menopause, hypoestrogenism due to hypogonadism, ovariectomy, or primary ovarian failure, abnormal...
antigonadotropic antiandrogens like cyproterone acetate can produce hypoestrogenism, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis in premenopausal women, among other side...
Hyperprolactinaemia, or excess serum prolactin, is associated with hypoestrogenism, anovulatory infertility, oligomenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, unexpected...
Hypergonadism Hypergonadotropic hypergonadism Hypogonadism Hyperestrogenism Hypoestrogenism Androgen-dependent condition Peigné M, Villers-Capelle A, Robin G,...
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