A hybrid cell line is a fusion of cells from two different cell types. When the membrane of two cells merge, the nuclei combine to form a polykaryote (poly- multiple; karyon- chromosome).[1] These fusions can happen spontaneously as in the case of tumor hybrid cells, or may be induced by a variety of laboratory techniques.
The first instance of intentionally generated hybrid cells was described in 1960 by Barski, Sorieul, and Cornefert in their paper "Production of cells of a 'hybrid' nature in cultures in vitro of 2 cellular strains in combination," originally published in French.[2] Today, one purpose of generating hybrid cell lines is to fuse cells that secrete a useful product with an immortal cell line to maximize the secretions. For example, immunoglobin-producing B lymphocytes can be fused with myeloma to produce an immortal line of cells called hybridoma that secrete immunoglobin. Hybrid cell lines are also used to study cancer and map genes[3]
^Nims, Raymond W.; Capes-Davis, Amanda; Reid, Christopher Korch and Yvonne A. (2018-11-05). Authenticating Hybrid Cell Lines. IntechOpen. ISBN 978-1-78984-867-0.
^Ephrussi, B; Weiss, M C (May 1965). "Interspecific hybridization of somatic cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 53 (5): 1040–1042. doi:10.1073/pnas.53.5.1040. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 301369. PMID 5222546.
^Pedrazzoli, Filippo; Chrysantzas, Iraklis; Dezzani, Luca; Rosti, Vittorio; Vincitorio, Massimo; Sitar, Giammaria (December 2011). "Cell fusion in tumor progression: the isolation of cell fusion products by physical methods". Cancer Cell International. 11 (1): 32. doi:10.1186/1475-2867-11-32. ISSN 1475-2867. PMC 3187729. PMID 21933375.
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