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Human rights in South Korea are codified in the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which compiles the legal rights of its citizens. These rights are protected by the Constitution and include amendments and national referendum.[1] These rights have evolved significantly from the days of military dictatorship to the current state as a constitutional democracy with free and fair elections for the presidency and the members of the National Assembly.[2]
South Korean democracy has legally protected rights for political, civil and socio-economic individuals, although there are limitations and even discrimination against certain groups. These groups are certified as at-risk groups and comprise women, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons (LGBT) and racial and ethnic minorities such as refugees and migrants.[3]
According to the Freedom in the World index, South Korea is considered to have a high human rights record in the category for human freedom in civil and political rights, with 83 points out of the 100 points in 2024.[4]
In the Constitution, the citizens are given the rights of freedom of speech, press, petition and assembly for its nationals.[1]
The National Security Act criminalizes speech in support of communism or North Korea; though it is unevenly enforced and prosecutions decline every year, there are still cases brought annually.[5]
^ ab"ICL - South Korea - Constitution". www.servat.unibe.ch. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
^"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights". docstore.ohchr.org. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
^"World Report 2020: Rights Trends in South Korea". Human Rights Watch. 2020-01-15. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
^South Korea: Freedom in the World 2024 Country Report Freedom House
^South Korea: Jail sentence for man who praised North an attack on freedom of expression Amnesty International
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