A hot particle is a microscopic piece of radioactive material that can become lodged in living tissue and deliver a concentrated dose of radiation to a small area. A generally accepted theory proposes that hot particles within the body are vastly more dangerous than external emitters delivering the same dose of radiation in a diffused manner.[1][2][3][4] Other researchers claim that there is little or no difference in risk between internal and external emitters, maintaining that individuals will likely continue to accumulate radiation dose from internal sources even after being removed from the original hazard and properly decontaminated, regardless of the relative danger from an internally sourced radiation dose compared to an equivalent externally sourced radiation dose.
The theory has gained most prominence in debates over the health effects of nuclear accidents, dirty bombs or fallout from nuclear weapons, all of which can spread hot particles through the environment. The current ICRP risk model for radiation exposure is derived from studies of victims of external radiation, and detractors claim it does not adequately estimate the risk of hot particles.
^Peräjärvi, Kari; Ihantola, Sakari; Toivonen, Harri; Sand, Johan; Toivonen, Juha (2015). "In-field detection and analysis of α radiation" (PDF). International Atomic Energy Agency.
^Scott, Bobby R. (20 April 2007). "Health risk evaluations for ingestion exposure of humans to polonium-210". Dose-Response. 5 (2): 94–122. doi:10.2203/dose-response.06-013.Scott. PMC 2477690. PMID 18648599.
A hotparticle is a microscopic piece of radioactive material that can become lodged in living tissue and deliver a concentrated dose of radiation to a...
physics, a subatomic particle is a particle smaller than an atom. According to the Standard Model of particle physics, a subatomic particle can be either a...
included; fuel particles, radioactive gases, and aerosol particles. The fuel particles were due to the violent interaction between hot fuel and the cooling...
years for evacuations to occur at other sites. The disaster spread hotparticles over more than 52,000 square kilometres (20,000 sq mi), where at least...
radiation exposure comes from hotparticles in contact with or close to the skin of a person. Also, swallowed or inhaled hotparticles could cause beta burns...
measurable amounts of plutonium in their bodies. The "hotparticle" theory in which a particle of plutonium dust irradiates a localized spot of lung tissue...
accident at Sellafield. Fallout (series) Fallout shelter Fission product Hotparticle Human radiation experiments List of nuclear accidents Lists of nuclear...
In particle physics, a baryon is a type of composite subatomic particle, including the proton and the neutron, that contains an odd number of valence quarks...
pharmaceuticals, or materials which may require extremely consistent, fine particle size. Air is the heated drying medium; however, if the liquid is a flammable...
fleas are microscopic hotparticles of new or spent nuclear fuel. While small, they tend to be intensely radioactive. The fuel particles, the size about 10...
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is an optical method of flow visualization used in education and research. It is used to obtain instantaneous velocity...
A linear particle accelerator (often shortened to linac) is a type of particle accelerator that accelerates charged subatomic particles or ions to a high...
fuel and oxidizer, where the fuel produces a significant amount of hotparticles that cause/promote the ignition of the desired material. Initiator compositions...
new-TREE-noh; denoted by the Greek letter ν) is a fermion (an elementary particle with spin of 1 /2) that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity...
chains. Radioactive particles may be present due to traces of uranium, thorium, or other radionuclides in the fuel; hotparticles can be present in case...
Hot dark matter (HDM) is a theoretical form of dark matter which consists of particles that travel with ultrarelativistic velocities. Dark matter is a...
fission products, either in the form of dissolved radioisotopes or hotparticles, to enter the reactor coolant or storage water. The de facto standard...
work. Hot dark matter consists of particles whose FSL is much larger than the size of a protogalaxy. The neutrino qualifies as such a particle. They were...
Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) are hypothetical particles that are one of the proposed candidates for dark matter. There exists no formal...
when Henry Moseley first demonstrated a current generated by charged particle radiation. The field received considerable in-depth research attention...
The positron or antielectron is the particle with an electric charge of +1e, a spin of 1/2 (the same as the electron), and the same mass as an electron...
The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol n or n0 , which has a neutral (not positive or negative) charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a...
Particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) is a velocimetry method i.e. a technique to measure velocities and trajectories of moving objects. In fluid mechanics...
but also be very hot – the energy (temperature) of photons must obviously exceed the rest mass energy of the given matter particle pair. The threshold...
condensation particle counter or CPC is a particle counter that detects and counts aerosol particles by first enlarging them by using the particles as nucleation...
produces hotparticles, good for ignition mixtures, e.g. the NASA Standard Initiator, also a combustion instability suppressant Titanium – produces hot particles...
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