Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters
(2003–2009)
Common Foreign and Security Policy pillar
(1993–2009)
Western European Union
(1954–2011)
Western Union
(1948–1954)
Treaties
Treaty of Paris
1951
Treaty of Rome
1957
Merger Treaty
1965
Single European Act
1986
Maastricht Treaty
1992
Treaty of Amsterdam
1997
Treaty of Nice
2001
Treaty of Lisbon
2007
Commissions
Hallstein Commission
1958
Rey Commission
1967
Malfatti Commission
1970
Mansholt Commission
1972
Ortoli Commission
1973
Jenkins Commission
1977
Thorn Commission
1981
Delors Commission
1985
Santer Commission
1994
Prodi Commission
1999
Barroso Commission
2004
Juncker Commission
2014
Von der Leyen Commission
2019
Topics
History of Europe
History of the euro
History of defence integration
History of enlargement
List of presidents
List of founders
European Union portal
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The euro came into existence on 1 January 1999, although it had been a goal of the European Union (EU) and its predecessors since the 1960s. After tough negotiations, the Maastricht Treaty entered into force in 1993 with the goal of creating an economic and monetary union (EMU) by 1999 for all EU states except the UK and Denmark (even though Denmark has a fixed exchange rate policy with the euro).
The currency was formed virtually in 1999; notes and coins began to circulate in 2002. It rapidly took over from the former national currencies and slowly expanded behind the rest of the EU. In 2009, the Lisbon Treaty finalised its political authority, the Eurogroup, alongside the European Central Bank.
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to the creation ofthe single European currency, theeuro (launched 1999). The ECSC expired in 2002. The Maastricht Treaty has been amended by the treaties...
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