Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters
(2003–2009)
Common Foreign and Security Policy pillar
(1993–2009)
Western European Union
(1954–2011)
Western Union
(1948–1954)
Treaties
Treaty of Paris
1951
Treaty of Rome
1957
Merger Treaty
1965
Single European Act
1986
Maastricht Treaty
1992
Treaty of Amsterdam
1997
Treaty of Nice
2001
Treaty of Lisbon
2007
Commissions
Hallstein Commission
1958
Rey Commission
1967
Malfatti Commission
1970
Mansholt Commission
1972
Ortoli Commission
1973
Jenkins Commission
1977
Thorn Commission
1981
Delors Commission
1985
Santer Commission
1994
Prodi Commission
1999
Barroso Commission
2004
Juncker Commission
2014
Von der Leyen Commission
2019
Topics
History of Europe
History of the euro
History of defence integration
History of enlargement
List of presidents
List of founders
European Union portal
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The European Union is a geo-political entity covering a large portion of the European continent. It is founded upon numerous treaties and has undergone expansions and secessions that have taken it from six member states to 27, a majority of the states in Europe.
Since the beginning of the institutionalised modern European integration in 1948, the development of the European Union has been based on a supranational foundation that would "make war unthinkable and materially impossible"[1][2] and reinforce democracy amongst its members[3] as laid out by Robert Schuman and other leaders in the Schuman Declaration (1950) and the Europe Declaration (1951). This principle was at the heart of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) (1951), the Treaty of Paris (1951), and later the Treaty of Rome (1958) which established the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC). The Maastricht Treaty (1992) created the European Union with its pillars system, including foreign and home affairs alongside the European Communities. This in turn led to the creation of the single European currency, the euro (launched 1999). The ECSC expired in 2002. The Maastricht Treaty has been amended by the treaties of Amsterdam (1997), Nice (2001) and Lisbon (2007), the latter merging the three pillars into a single legal entity, though the EAEC has maintained a distinct legal identity despite sharing members and institutions.
^"Schuman Project". schuman.info.
^"Schuman Project". schuman.info.
^"Schuman Project". schuman.info.
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