Domes built in the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries benefited from more efficient techniques for producing iron and steel as well as advances in structural analysis.
Metal-framed domes of the 19th century often imitated earlier masonry dome designs in a variety of styles, especially in church architecture, but were also used to create glass domes over shopping arcades and hothouses, domes over locomotive sheds and exhibition halls, and domes larger than any others in the world. The variety of domed buildings, such as parliaments and capitol buildings, gasometers, observatories, libraries, and churches, were enabled by the use of reinforced concrete ribs, lightweight papier-mâché, and triangulated framing.
In the 20th century, planetarium domes spurred the invention by Walther Bauersfeld of both thin shells of reinforced concrete and geodesic domes. The use of steel, computers, and finite element analysis enabled yet larger spans. Tension membrane structure became popular for domed sports stadiums, which also innovated with rigid retractable domed roofs.
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Dome types that used lengths of rolled steel with riveted joints included "Schwedler domes", "Zimmermann domes", "lattice domes", and "Schlink domes"...
size, but helped new domes be built in forms known to be safe. Onion-shaped domes appeared widely on royal residences in the middle of the sixteenth century...
Persian domes or Iranian domes have an ancient origin and a history extending to the modern era. The use ofdomes in ancient Mesopotamia was carried forward...
sporadic examples of early domed structures have been discovered. Brick domes from the ancient Near East and corbelled stone domes have been found from...
Italian Renaissance domes were designed during the Renaissance periodof the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in Italy. Beginning in Florence, the style...
conical or polygonal roof. A variety of other shapes, including shallow saucer domes, segmental domes, and ribbed domes were also sometimes used. Stone or...
associated with domes includes mortuary, celestial, and governmental traditions that have likewise altered over time. The domesof the modern world can be...
symbolic meaning of the dome has developed over millennia. Although the precise origins are unknown, a mortuary tradition ofdomes existed across the...
transition from the corners of the room to the dome, rather than squinches. In contrast to Persian and Ottoman domes, the domesof Indian tombs tend to be...
forces during the Reconquista. Nonetheless, in the early modernperiod, the states of the Age of the Islamic Gunpowders—Ottoman Turkey, Timurid Empire,...
crossed-arch domes similar to that of the earlier Great Mosque of Córdoba, such as at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre [eu] in Torres Del Río. Gothic domes are...
used by members of the Senate Historyofmodernperioddomes List of capitols in the United States List of legislative buildings List of the oldest buildings...
while the Islamic periods of the city's history are important to Palestinian nationalists, whose discourse suggests that modern Palestinians descend from...
Ottoman period and again in the modernperiod, notably with the addition of the gold-plated roof, in 1959–61 and again in 1993. The octagonal plan of the...
the modern states of Israel and Palestine. From a prehistory as part of the critical Levantine corridor, which witnessed waves of early humans out of Africa...
Petrine period had bulbous domes. The largest onion domes were erected in the seventeenth century in the area around Yaroslavl. A number of these had...
In the historyof Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted approximately from 500 AD to 1500, although some...
Mandate in the 20th century. The Crusader period in the historyof Jerusalem decisively influenced the historyof the whole Middle East, radiating beyond...
the reign of Abd al-Malik, the same Umayyad caliph who built the Domeof the Rock. Two other small domes stand to the northwest of the Domeof the Rock...
eight-ribbed dome, surrounded by eight other ribbed domesof varying design. Similar domes are also seen in the mosque building of the Aljafería of Zaragoza...
the two domes. To counteract hoop stress, the outer dome relies entirely on its attachment to the inner dome and has no embedded chains. A modern understanding...
feature of Persian domes, which separates them from those domes created in the Christian world or the Ottoman and Mughal empires, was the use of colourful...
the tradition of Iranian double-shelled domes. Later domes in the Burji period were more strongly pointed and had tall drums. Stone domes were progressively...
growth, which are relatives to branches of technology, science, history, and architecture. The fields allow both modern and ancient construction to be analyzed...
referred to as the Roman monarchy or the regal periodof ancient Rome, was the earliest periodof Roman history when the city and its territory were ruled...
plugs and lava domes. These satellite vents were probably active around the same time as the ancestral volcano and include the domesof Mount Negron, Mount...