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History of Tunisia
Prehistoric
Prehistory
Ancient
Carthage
12th C.–146 BC
1st Roman (Province)
146 BC–435
Vandal
435–534
2nd Roman (Byzantine) / Byzantine North Africa
534–698
Prefecture
534–590
Exarchate
590–698
Early Islamic
Umayyad
698–750
Abbasid
750–800
Aghlabid
800–909
Fatimid
909–973
Medieval
Zirid
973–1148
Norman
1148–1160
Almohad
1160–1229
Hafsid
1229–1574
Early modern
Ottoman
1574–1705
Husainid
1705–1881
Modern
French Tunisia
1881–1956
Kingdom of Tunisia
1956–1957
Bourguiba rule
1957–1987
Ben Ali coup
1987
Ben Ali rule
1987–2011
Tunisian revolution
2011
Parliamentary system
2011–present
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The medieval era of Tunisia began with what would eventually return Ifriqiya (Tunisia and the entire Maghrib) to local Berber rule. The Shia Islamic Fatimid Caliphate departed to their newly conquered territories in Egypt leaving the Zirid dynasty to govern in their stead. The Zirids would eventually break all ties to the Fatimids and formally embrace Sunni Islamic doctrines.
During this time there arose in Maghrib two strong local successive movements dedicated to Muslim purity in its practice. The Almoravids emerged in the far western area in al-Maghrib al-Aksa (Morocco) establishing an empire stretching as far north as modern Spain (al-Andalus) and south to Mauretania; Almoravid rule never included Ifriqiya. Later, the Berber religious leader Ibn Tumart founded the Almohad movement, supplanted the Almoravids, and would eventually bring under the movement's control al-Maghrib and al-Andalus. Almohad rule would be succeeded by the Tunis-based Hafsids. The Hafsids were a local Berber dynasty and would retain control with varying success until the arrival of the Ottomans in the western Mediterranean.[1][2]
^Geography and Climate information are presented in the History of Tunisia preview.
^For reference to authorities, see text following.
and 28 Related for: History of medieval Tunisia information
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