History of Islamism information

Islamism a religio-political ideology that seeks to revive Islam to its past assertiveness and glory,^[1] purify it of foreign elements, reassert its role into "social and political as well as personal life"^[2] where "government and society are ordered in accordance with laws prescribed by Islam" (aka Sharia).^[3]^[4] ^[5]^[6]

It is thought to have started to form towards the end of the 19th Century with Sayyid Rashid Rida,^[7] developed as an idea "more or less in 1940" (according to Olivier Roy),^[8] under Hassan al-Banna (founder of the Muslim Brotherhood), Sayyid Qutb, Abul A'la Maududi, and Ruhollah Khomeini;^[9] surprising the world with the overthrow of the Shah of Iran in 1979, and going on to "arguably" alter "the Middle East more than any trend since the modern states gained independence", redefining "politics and even borders" (according to author Robin Wright).^[10]

As of 2020, at least some observers have detected a decline in the vigor and popularity of the ideology,^[11] as well a backlash against Islamist rule in some countries (Turkey, Iran, and Sudan).^[12]

^ Burgat, François, "The Islamic Movement in North Africa", U of Texas Press, 1997, pp. 39–41, 67–71, 309
^ Berman, Sheri (2003). "Islamism, Revolution, and Civil Society". Perspectives on Politics. 1 (2): 258. doi:10.1017/S1537592703000197. S2CID 145201910.
^ BYERS, DYLAN (5 April 2013). "AP Stylebook revises 'Islamist' use". Politico. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
^ Shepard, W. E. Sayyid Qutb and Islamic Activism: A Translation and Critical Analysis of Social Justice in Islam. Leiden, New York: E.J. Brill. (1996). p. 40
^ Tibi, Bassam (2007-03-01). "The Totalitarianism of Jihadist Islamism and its Challenge to Europe and to Islam". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 8 (1): 35–54. doi:10.1080/14690760601121630. ISSN 1469-0764.
^ Bale, Jeffrey M. (2009-06-01). "Islamism and Totalitarianism". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 10 (2): 73–96. doi:10.1080/14690760903371313. ISSN 1469-0764. S2CID 14540501.
^ Zhongmin, Liu (2013). "Commentary on "Islamic State": Thoughts of Islamism". Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (In Asia). 7 (3). Routledge: Taylor & Francis group: 23–28. doi:10.1080/19370679.2013.12023226.
^ Roy, Failure of Political Islam, 1994: p.3
^ Fuller, Graham E., The Future of Political Islam, Palgrave MacMillan, (2003), p. 120
^ Wright, Robin (10 January 2015). "A Short History of Islamism". Newsweek. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
^ Cite error: The named reference Roy-2004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Akyol, Mustafa (June 12, 2020). "How Islamists are Ruining Islam". Hudson Institute. Retrieved 30 December 2020.

[Burgat-IMiNA-1997-1] Burgat, François, "The Islamic Movement in North Africa", U of Texas Press, 1997, pp. 39–41, 67–71, 309

[Berman,_S_2003,_p._258-2] Berman, Sheri (2003). "Islamism, Revolution, and Civil Society". Perspectives on Politics. 1 (2): 258. doi:10.1017/S1537592703000197. S2CID 145201910.

[BYERS-2013-3] BYERS, DYLAN (5 April 2013). "AP Stylebook revises 'Islamist' use". Politico. Retrieved 6 February 2023.

[shepard-1996-40-4] Shepard, W. E. Sayyid Qutb and Islamic Activism: A Translation and Critical Analysis of Social Justice in Islam. Leiden, New York: E.J. Brill. (1996). p. 40

[5] Tibi, Bassam (2007-03-01). "The Totalitarianism of Jihadist Islamism and its Challenge to Europe and to Islam". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 8 (1): 35–54. doi:10.1080/14690760601121630. ISSN 1469-0764.

[6] Bale, Jeffrey M. (2009-06-01). "Islamism and Totalitarianism". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 10 (2): 73–96. doi:10.1080/14690760903371313. ISSN 1469-0764. S2CID 14540501.

[7] Zhongmin, Liu (2013). "Commentary on "Islamic State": Thoughts of Islamism". Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (In Asia). 7 (3). Routledge: Taylor & Francis group: 23–28. doi:10.1080/19370679.2013.12023226.

[ORFPI1994:3-8] Roy, Failure of Political Islam, 1994: p.3

[Fuller-Future-120-9] Fuller, Graham E., The Future of Political Islam, Palgrave MacMillan, (2003), p. 120

[WRIGHT-SHI-10-1015-10] Wright, Robin (10 January 2015). "A Short History of Islamism". Newsweek. Retrieved 23 December 2015.

[Roy-2004-11] Cite error: The named reference Roy-2004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Akyol-ruining-12] Akyol, Mustafa (June 12, 2020). "How Islamists are Ruining Islam". Hudson Institute. Retrieved 30 December 2020.

History of Islamism information

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Key texts The Caliphate or the Grand Imamate (Rashīd Rīďha 1922) Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam (Iqbal 1930s) Principles of State and Government (Asad 1961) Ma'alim fi al-Tariq ("Milestones") (Qutb 1965) Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist ("Velayat-e faqih") (Khomeini 1970)
Heads of state Ali Khamenei Omar al-Bashir Muammar Gaddafi Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Ruhollah Khomeini Mohamed Morsi Zia ul-Haq Ziaur Rahman Alija Izetbegović A.P.J Abdul Kalam Mohammed Omar House of Saud House of Thani Hibatullah Akhundzada
Key ideologues Muhammad Abduh Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī Qazi Hussain Ahmad Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani Muhammad Asad Hassan al-Banna Rached Ghannouchi Safwat Hegazi Muhammad Iqbal Ali Khamenei Ruhollah Khomeini Necip Fazıl Kısakürek Abul A'la Maududi Abul Hasan Nadwi Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani Yusuf al-Qaradawi Sayyid Qutb Tariq Ramadan Ata Abu Rashta Rashid Rida Navvab Safavi Ali Shariati Haji Shariatullah Hassan Al-Turabi Ahmed Yassin Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
Criticism of Islamism Criticism of Islamism Criticism of Islam Liberal and reform movements within Islam in Europe in North America Khaled Abu al-Fadl Farag Foda Abdelwahab Meddeb Maryam Namazie Maajid Nawaaz Olivier Roy Bassam Tibi
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