In physics, a high contrast grating is a single layer near-wavelength grating physical structure where the grating material has a large contrast in index of refraction with its surroundings. The term near-wavelength refers to the grating period, which has a value between one optical wavelength in the grating material and that in its surrounding materials.
The high contrast gratings have many distinct attributes that are not found in conventional gratings. These features include broadband ultra-high reflectivity, broadband ultra-high transmission, and very high quality factor resonance, for optical beam surface-normal or in oblique incidence to the grating surface. The high reflectivity grating can be ultrathin, only <0.15 optical wavelength. The reflection and transmission phase of the optical beam through the high contrast grating can be engineered to cover a full 2π range while maintaining a high reflection or transmission coefficient.
Schematics of high contrast grating. Λ, grating period; ko, incident light wave vector; nbar, refractive index of grating bar; no, refractive index of the surrounding medium of the grating bar.
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