Hemoglobin C (abbreviated as HbC) is an abnormal hemoglobin in which glutamic acid residue at the 6th position of the β-globin chain is replaced with a lysine residue due to a point mutation in the HBB gene.[1] People with one copy of the gene for hemoglobin C do not experience symptoms, but can pass the abnormal gene on to their children. Those with two copies of the gene are said to have hemoglobin C disease and can experience mild anemia. It is possible for a person to have both the gene for hemoglobin S (the form associated with sickle cell anemia) and the gene for hemoglobin C; this state is called hemoglobin SC disease, and is generally more severe than hemoglobin C disease, but milder than sickle cell anemia.[2]
HbC was discovered by Harvey Itano and James V. Neel in 1950 in two African-American families. It has since been established that it is most common among people in West Africa. It confers survival benefits as individuals with HbC are naturally resistant to malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, albeit incompletely.
^Karna, Bibek; Jha, Suman K.; Al Zaabi, Eiman (2020), "Hemoglobin C Disease", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32644469, retrieved 2020-10-26 This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
^Cite error: The named reference Nagel2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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