Massive – granular – common texture observed in granite and other igneous rock. pseudo octahedral – crystals show an octahedral outline.
Twinning
Repeated twins on {112}
Cleavage
[001] Perfect
Fracture
Uneven – flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured in an uneven pattern.
Tenacity
Brittle
Mohs scale hardness
5.5
Luster
Submetallic
Streak
Dark reddish brown
Diaphaneity
Opaque, transparent on thin edges
Specific gravity
4.7 – 4.84, average = 4.76
Optical properties
Uniaxial (−)
Refractive index
nε = 2.15, nω = 2.46
Birefringence
δ = 0.31
Other characteristics
Anisotropism: Distinct, bireflectance: weak; O = light gray; E = dark gray.
References
[2][3][4]
Hausmannite is a complex oxide, or a mixed oxide, of manganese containing both di- and tri-valent manganese. Its chemical formula can be represented as MnIIMnIII2O4, or more simply noted as MnO·Mn2O3, or Mn3O4, as commonly done for magnetite (Fe3O4), the corresponding iron oxide. It belongs to the spinel group and forms tetragonal crystals. Hausmannite is a brown to black metallic mineral with Mohs hardness of 5.5 and a specific gravity of 4.8.
The type locality is Oehrenstock (Öhrenstock), Ilmenau, Thuringian Forest, Thuringia, Germany, where it was first described in 1813.[3] Locations include Batesville, Arkansas, US; Ilfeld, Germany; Langban, Sweden; and the Ural Mountains, Russia.[2] High quality samples have been found in South Africa and Namibia where it is associated with other manganese oxides, pyrolusite and psilomelane and the iron-manganese mineral bixbyite. Wilhelm Haidinger (1827) named it in honour of Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann (1782–1859), Professor of Mineralogy, University of Göttingen, Germany.[3]
^ abAnthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (2005). "Hausmannite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineral Data Publishing. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
^ abcHausmannite, Mindat.org, retrieved 2 July 2022
^Barthelmy, David (2014). "Hausmannite Mineral Data". Webmineral.com. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
Hausmannite is a complex oxide, or a mixed oxide, of manganese containing both di- and tri-valent manganese. Its chemical formula can be represented as...
associated with beryl, quartz, spessartine, hematite, pseudobrookite, hausmannite, braunite and topaz in pneumatolytic or hydrothermal veins and cavities...
Botnedalen is known for the occurrence of various minerals, including hausmannite, jacobsite, braunite, bustamite, and rhodonite. Evensen, Knut Harald...
Dendritic psilomelane on a cobble Slab of manganese ore showing a mixture of hausmannite and psilomelane in a zonal arrangement and a radiating mass of white...
calcite, barite, and siderite. Often associated with pyrolusite, braunite, hausmannite and goethite. Manganite occurs in specimens exhibiting good crystal form...
sense, where horizontal zoning is fault related and shows high grade hausmannite ore, intermediate areas show a very complex mineral assemblage (including...
USA, where Inesite is associated with Rhodochrosite, bementite, and hausmannite. Fengjishan Mine (Daye Copper Mine), Edong Mining District, Daye County...
Wakefieldite Wakefieldite-(La) on hausmannite General Category Rare-earth mineral Formula (repeating unit) ((La,Ce,Nd,Y)VO4) IMA symbol Wf Strunz classification...
manganese deposits in association with arsenoclasite, shigaite, hematite, hausmannite, triploidite, barite, and manganoan ferroan calcite. Based on a 1977...
minerals such as gatehouseite, seamanite, rhodochrosite, shigaite, baryte, hausmannite and hematite. Waterhouseite has a unique asymmetrical structure consisting...
embedded in manganese deposits and is associated with baryte, manganite, hausmannite, and hematite. The crystal structure of sturmanite shows two distinct...
association with adelite, allactite, barite, calcite, dolomite, gatehouseite, hausmannite, hematite, manganoan ferroan calcite, sarkinite, and shigaite. The mineral...
the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. Hausmannite Mn3O4 nanorods: synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties Jin...