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Haplogroup R1a information


Haplogroup R1a
Possible time of origin22,000[1] to 25,000[2] years ago
Possible place of originEurasia
AncestorHaplogroup R1
DescendantsR1a-Z282, R1a-Z93
Defining mutations
  • R1a: L62, L63, L120, M420, M449, M511, M513
  • R1a1a: M17, M198, M512, M514, M515, L168, L449, L457, L566
Highest frequenciesSee List of R1a frequency by population
Map showing frequency of R1a haplogroup in Europe

Haplogroup R1a, or haplogroup R-M420, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup which is distributed in a large region in Eurasia, extending from Scandinavia and Central Europe to Central Asia, southern Siberia and South Asia.[3][2]

While one genetic study indicates that R1a originated 25,000[2] years ago, its subclade M417 (R1a1a1) diversified c. 5,800 years ago.[4] The place of origin of the subclade plays a role in the debate about the origins of Proto-Indo-Europeans.

The SNP mutation R-M420 was discovered after R-M17 (R1a1a), which resulted in a reorganization of the lineage in particular establishing a new paragroup (designated R-M420*) for the relatively rare lineages which are not in the R-SRY10831.2 (R1a1) branch leading to R-M17.

  1. ^ Sharma et al. 2009.
  2. ^ a b c Underhill et al. 2014.
  3. ^ Underhill et al. 2009.
  4. ^ Underhill et al. 2014, p. 130.

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