This article is about the punctuation mark. For other uses, see Hamza (disambiguation). For the name transcribed by the same spelling, see Hamza (name).
Not to be confused with ع (‘ayn), which has a similar looking initial form.
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Hamza همزة
ء
Usage
Writing system
Arabic script
Type
Abjad
Language of origin
Arabic language
Phonetic usage
/ʔ/
Unicode codepoint
U+0621 ARABIC LETTER HAMZA
History
Development
ء
Other
Writing direction
Right-to-left
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Arabic alphabet
Arabic script
History
Transliteration
Diacritics
Hamza
Numerals
Numeration
v
t
e
The hamza (Arabic: هَمْزَةhamza) (ء) is an Arabic script character that, in the Arabic alphabet, denotes a glottal stop and, in non-Arabic languages, indicates a diphthong, vowel, or other features, depending on the language. Derived from the letter ʿAyn (ع),[1] the hamza is written in medial and final positions as an unlinked letter or placed above or under a carrier character. Despite its common usage as a letter in Modern Standard Arabic, it is generally not considered to be one of its letters, although some argue that it should be considered a letter.
The hamza is often romanized as a typewriter apostophe ('), a modifier letter apostrophe (ʼ), a modifier letter right half ring (ʾ), or as the International Phonetic Alphabet symbol ʔ. In Arabizi, it is either written as "2" or not written at all.
In the Phoenician, Hebrew and Aramaic alphabets, from which the Arabic alphabet is descended, the glottal stop was expressed by alif (𐤀), continued by Alif (ا) in the Arabic alphabet. However, Alif was used to express both a glottal stop and a long vowel /aː/. In order to indicate that a glottal stop is used and not a mere vowel, it was added to Alif diacritically. In modern orthography, hamza may also appear on the line, under certain circumstances as though it were a full letter, independent of an alif.
^"Hamza In Arabic And It's Different Forms - Full Guide". 2024-03-29. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
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