Psychometric outcome used to quantify symptoms of depression
"HDRS" redirects here. For the singular of HDRs, see HDR (disambiguation).
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
Purpose
measures severity of depressive symptoms
The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD),[1] also called the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), sometimes also abbreviated as HAM-D, is a multiple-item questionnaire used to provide an indication of depression, and as a guide to evaluate recovery.[2] Max Hamilton originally published the scale in 1960[3] and revised it in 1966,[4] 1967,[5] 1969,[6] and 1980.[7] The questionnaire is designed for adults and is used to rate the severity of their depression by probing mood, feelings of guilt, suicide ideation, insomnia, agitation or retardation, anxiety, weight loss, and somatic symptoms.
The HRSD has been criticized for use in clinical practice as it places more emphasis on insomnia than on feelings of hopelessness, self-destructive thoughts, suicidal cognitions and actions.[8] An antidepressant may show statistical efficacy even when thoughts of suicide increase but sleep is improved, or for that matter, an antidepressant that as a side effect increase sexual and gastrointestinal symptom ratings may register as being less effective in treating the depression itself than it actually is.[9] Hamilton maintained that his scale should not be used as a diagnostic instrument.[10]
The original 1960 version contained 17 items (HDRS-17), but four other questions not added to the total score were used to provide additional clinical information. Each item on the questionnaire is scored on a 3 or 5 point scale, depending on the item, and the total score is compared to the corresponding descriptor. Assessment time is about 20 minutes.
^"the ham-d scale" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
^Hedlund JL, Viewig BW (1979). "The Hamilton rating scale for depression: a comprehensive review". Journal of Operational Psychiatry. 10: 149–165.
^Hamilton M (1960). "A rating scale for depression". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 23 (1): 56–62. doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56. PMC 495331. PMID 14399272.
^Hamilton M (1966). "Assessment of change in psychiatric state by means of rating scales". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 59 (Suppl 1): 10–13. PMC 1900655. PMID 5922401.
^Hamilton M (1967). "Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness". British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 6 (4): 278–96. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1967.tb00530.x. PMID 6080235.
^Hamilton M (1969). "Standardised assessment and recording of depressive symptoms". Psychiatria, Neurologia, Neurochirurgia. 72 (2): 201–5. PMID 5792061.
^Hamilton, M (1980). "Rating depressive patients". Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 41 (12 Pt 2): 21–24. PMID 7440521.
^Firestone, R.W., & Firestone, L.A. (1996). Firestone Assessment of Self-Destructive Thoughts Manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
^Bagby RM, Ryder AG, Schuller DR, Marshall MB (2004). "The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale: has the gold standard become a lead weight?". American Journal of Psychiatry. 161 (12): 2163–77. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2163. PMID 15569884.
^Berrios, G.E., & Bulbena, A. (1990). The Hamilton Depression Scale and the Numerical Description of the Symptoms of Depression. In Bech, P., & Coppen, A. (Eds.), The Hamilton Scales, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 80–92
and 24 Related for: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression information
The HamiltonRatingScaleforDepression (HRSD), also called the HamiltonDepressionRatingScale (HDRS), sometimes also abbreviated as HAM-D, is a multiple-item...
patient's symptoms. Designed by psychiatrist Max Hamilton in 1960, the HamiltonDepressionRatingScale is one of the two most commonly used among those...
original 30-item scale. The GDS was validated against HamiltonRatingScaleforDepression (HRS-D) and the Zung Self-RatingDepressionScale (SDS). It was...
The Hamilton Anxiety RatingScale (HAM-A) is a psychological questionnaire used by clinicians to rate the severity of a patient's anxiety. Anxiety can...
Hamiltonian group, a non-abelian Dedekind group in algebra HamiltonRatingScaleforDepressionHamilton Academical F.C., Scottish association football club...
evaluated for a depressive disorder diagnosis. Several ratingscales are used for this purpose; these include the HamiltonRatingScaleforDepression, the...
measures used (e.g., "Depression" being the factor underlying the Beck Depression Inventory and the HamiltonRatingScaleforDepression) and may impose constraints...
measured on the HamiltonRatingScaleforDepression (HAM-D), the Montgomery-Åsberg DepressionRatingScale (MADRS), and the Anxious-Depression subscale of...
disordered eating, as serum cortisol levels correlate with the HamiltonRatingScaleforDepression (HAM-D) and Anxiety (HAM-A). Psychological well-being can...
with depression were included. St John's wort extract did not differ from SSRIs in clinical response, remission, and mean reduction in HamiltonRating Scale...
80-92 Hamilton M.The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Med Psychol 1959; 32:50–55. Hamilton, M (1960). "A ratingscalefordepression". Journal...
the Montgomery-Asberg DepressionRatingScale, the HamiltonDepressionratingscale and the Clinical Global Impressions ratingscale in antidepressant clinical...
depressive disorder, ECT relieves depression as shown by reducing the score on the HamiltonRatingScaleforDepression by about 15 points, while rTMS reduced...
JSTOR 25376539. PMC 2069856. Worboys, Michael (2012). "The HamiltonRatingScaleforDepression: The making of a "gold standard" and the unmaking of a chronic...
clinically-administered PTSD scale was modeled after the HamiltonDepressionScale (HDRS), a clinician-administered scale to assess depressive features...
able to facilitate a minimum of a 50% score reduction on the HamiltonDepressionRatingScale (HDRS). 71% of cases that involved moclobemide—versus 38% of...
succeeded to prove superiority over placebo, as measured by HamiltonDepressionRatingScale. However, effectiveness could be observed using the Self-Rated...
Global Information