This article is about the former 19th-century country. For other uses, see Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, and Griqua people.
Griqualand East
Nieuw Griqualand Griekwaland-Oos
1862–1879
Griqua Flag†
Emblem
Motto: Pro Rege Lege et Grege Latin: For King, Law and the People
Seal:
Location of Griqualand East within the Cape Colony
Status
British Colony (1874–1879)
Capital
Kokstad
Common languages
Dutch(written) proto-Afrikaans(spoken) Xhosa
Government
Republic?
President?
• 1862–1875
Adam Kok III
Legislature
Raad/Volksraad (12 members)
History
• Annexation of Philippolis Expulsion to Nomansland
1860 1862 (1863?)
• Laager
1862
• Move from Mt.Currie
1869
• Kokstad founded
1872
• Annexation
1874 ~ 1879
• Adam Kok's death
1875
Area
Estimate‡[1]
20,000 km2 (7,700 sq mi)
Population
• Griqua[2]
1,100
• Xhosa* (Mpondo)
30,000
Currency
Tokens
Succeeded by
Cape Colony
† The Griqua flag is a vertically flipped version of the "Vierkleur" used by the South African Republic. A single source dates its origin to 1903; whether or not independent Griqualand East actually deployed it is uncertain.[3] ‡ Maximum extend given, defined as unclaimed/un-annexed by other established governments. Total area was in flux throughout history. Source for given figure under References (below). * +Zulu refugees from earlier Shaka war
Historical states in present-day South Africa
before 1600
Kingdom of Mapungubwe (1050–1270)
Kingdom of Mutapa (1430–1760)
1600–1700
Dutch Cape Colony (1652–1795)
1700–1800
Mthethwa Paramountcy (c.1780–1817)
Ndwandwe (c.1780–1817)
Republic of Swellendam (1795)
Republic of Graaff-Reinet (1795–1796)
Cape Colony (1795–1802)
1800–1850
Dutch Cape Colony (1802–1806)
Cape Colony (1806–1910)
Waterboer's Land (1813–1871)
Zulu Kingdom (1818–1897)
Adam Kok's Land (1825–1861)
Winburg (1836–1844)
Potchefstroom (1837–1848)
Natalia Republic (1839–1843)
1850–1875
South African Republic (1852–1902)
Orange Free State (1854–1902)
Republic of Utrecht (1854–1858)
Lydenburg Republic (1856–1860)
Griqualand East (1861–1879)
Griqualand West (1870–1880)
Diggers' Republic (1870–1871)
1875–1900
Stellaland (1882–1885)
Goshen (1882–1883)
Nieuw Republiek (1884–1888)
Klein Vrystaat (1886–1891)
1900–present
Cape Colony (1806–1910)
Union of South Africa (1910–1961)
Transkei (1976–1994)
Bophuthatswana (1977–1994)
Venda (1979–1994)
Ciskei (1981–1994)
Republic of South Africa (1961–present)
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Griqualand East (Afrikaans: Griekwaland-Oos), officially known as New Griqualand (Dutch: Nieuw Griqualand), was one of four short-lived Griqua states in Southern Africa from the early 1860s until the late 1870s and was located between the Umzimkulu and Kinira Rivers, south of the Sotho Kingdom.[1]
Griqualand East's capital, Kokstad, was the final place of settlement for a people who had migrated several times on their journey from the Cape of Good Hope and over the mountains of present-day Lesotho.
The territory was occupied by the British Empire and became a colony in 1874, shortly before the death of its founder and only leader, Adam Kok III. A short while later, the small territory was incorporated into the neighbouring Cape Colony. Though for a long time overshadowed in history by the story of the Voortrekkers, the trek of the Griquas has been described as "one of the great epics of the 19th century."[4]
^ abBurton, Alfred R. E. Cape Colony to-day. Townshend, Taylor & Snashall. Cape Town/Kaapstad: 1907. p219f
^Statistics based on the 1907 estimate. Estimate for Xhosa population ranges from 25,000 to 40,000.
^Griqualand (South Africa) on flagspot.net; Accessed 2009-07-31
^"...een van die epiese gebeurtenisse van die 19de eeu." Webster, Roger. Die Adam Kok-Trek. in:Langs die Kampvuur. Waare Suider-Afrikaanse stories. Spearhead. p84f
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