The golden toad (Incilius periglenes) is an extinct species of true toad that was once abundant in a small, high-altitude region of about 4 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi) in an area north of the city of Monteverde, Costa Rica.[3] It was endemic to elfin cloud forest.[4] Also called the Monte Verde toad, Alajuela toad and orange toad, it is commonly considered the "poster child" for the amphibian decline crisis.[5] This toad was first described in 1966 by herpetologist Jay Savage.[3] The last sighting of a single male golden toad was on 15 May 1989, and it has since been classified as extinct by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).[1]
^ abSavage, J., Pounds, J. & Bolaños, F. (2008). Incilius periglenes. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T3172A9654595.en
^ abJay Savage (1965). "An extraordinary new toad from Costa Rica". Revista de Biología Tropical. 14: 153–167. Archived from the original on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2009-01-13.
^Pounds, J. Alan; Crump, Martha L. (1994). "Amphibian declines and climate disturbance: The case of the golden toad and the harlequin frog". Conservation Biology. 8 (1): 72–85. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08010072.x. JSTOR 2386722.
^Richards-Hrdlicka, K. L. (2013). "Preserved specimens of the extinct golden toad of Monteverde (Cranopsis periglenes) tested negative for the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis)". Journal of Herpetology. 47 (3): 456–458. doi:10.1670/11-243. S2CID 86276805.
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