Glioma 261 (GL261) is a frequently used murine glioma model. It was induced via intracranial injection of methylcholanthrene followed by serial intracranial and subcutaneous transplantations of tumor fragments into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice.[1][2] By the mid-1990s, multiple groups had established a permanent cell line from the tumor.
GL261 tumors resemble ependymoblastomas on histology but show many characteristics of glioblastoma phenotypes. They contain activating mutations of the K-ras as well as mutations of p53, resulting in high expression of c-myc. GL261 tumors also highly express MHC I, explaining their partial immunogenicity and have limited expression of MHC II, B7-1, and B7-2. The tumors are invasive, are not known to be metastatic, and do not spontaneously regress.[3][4]
Other immunocompetent murine models used to study GBM include GL26, CT-2A, SMA-560, and 4C8.[5]
^Ausman JI, Shapiro WR, Rall DP (Sep 1970). "Studies on the Chemotherapy of Experimental Brain Tumors: Development of an Experimental Model". Cancer Res. 30 (9): 2394–2400. PMID 5475483. Archived from the original on 2016-09-21. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
^Seligman AM, Shear MJ (1939). "Experimental production of brain tumors in mice with methylcholanthrene". Am J Cancer. 37: 364–395.
^Jacobs VL, et al. (Jul 2011). "Current review of in vivo GBM rodent models: emphasis on the CNS-1 tumor model". ASN Neuro. 3 (3): e00063. doi:10.1042/AN20110014. PMC 3153964. PMID 21740400.
^Szatmari T, Lumniczky K, Desaknai S, Trajchevski S, Higvegi EJ, Hamada H, Safrany G (Jun 2006). "Detailed characterization of the mouse glioma 261 tumor model for experimental glioblastoma therapy". Cancer Sci. 97 (6): 546–554. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00208.x. PMC 11159227. PMID 16734735.
^Oh T, Fakurnejad S, Sayegh ET, Clark AJ, Ivan ME, Sun MZ, Safaee M, Bloch O, James CD, Parsa AT (Apr 2014). "Immunocompetent murine models for the study of glioblastoma immunotherapy". J Transl Med. 12: 107–112. doi:10.1186/1479-5876-12-107. PMC 4012243. PMID 24779345.
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