Armed conflict between Sioux people, Dakota settlers and the U.S. Army (1890–1891)
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Ghost Dance War
Part of the Sioux Wars
"Map of the country embraced in the campaign against the Sioux Indians Messiah War" (1905)
Date
December 29, 1890 – January 15, 1891
Location
South Dakota
Result
United States victory
Belligerents
United States
Miniconjou Lakota
Hunkpapa Lakota
Commanders and leaders
Nelson A. Miles
James McLaughlin
James W. Forsyth
Spotted Elk †
Sitting Bull †
Kicking Bear
Short Bull
Casualties and losses
c. 25–50 killed
39 wounded
c. 300 killed
51 wounded
Native American losses include civilian casualties.
v
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Ghost Dance War
Wounded Knee Massacre
Drexel Mission Fight
v
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Sioux Wars
First Sioux War
Dakota War of 1862
Colorado War
Powder River Expedition
Red Cloud's War
Yellowstone Expedition
Great Sioux War
Ghost Dance War
The Ghost Dance War was the military reaction of the United States government against the spread of the Ghost Dance movement on Lakota Sioux reservations in 1890 and 1891. The U.S. Army designation for this conflict was Pine Ridge Campaign.[1] White settlers called it the Messiah War.[2][3] Lakota Sioux reservations were occupied by the U.S. Army, causing fear, confusion, and resistance among the Lakota. It resulted in the Wounded Knee Massacre wherein the 7th Cavalry killed over 250 Lakota, primarily unarmed women, children, and elders, at Wounded Knee on December 29, 1890. The end of the Ghost Dance War is usually dated January 15, 1891, when Lakota Ghost-Dancing leader Kicking Bear decided to meet with US officials. However, the U.S. government continued to use the threat of violence to suppress the Ghost Dance at Lakota reservations Pine Ridge, Rosebud, Cheyenne River, and Standing Rock.
^Greene, Jerome A. (January 31, 2007). Indian War Veterans: Memories of Army Life and Campaigns in the West, 1864–1898. Savas Beatie. p. 193. ISBN 978-1-61121-022-4.
^"History 605: Wounded Knee". SDPB. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
^"Philip F. Wells Collection | South Dakota State Archives ArchivesSpace". sdarchives.lyrasistechnology.org. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
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anxiety of settlers who called the conflict the Messiah War and were worried the GhostDance signified a potentially dangerous Sioux resurgence. Historian...
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in the ancient languages of their people, and sometimes drumming, and dancing are also common. The Midewiwin Lodge is a traditional medicine society...
to his investigation of Forsyth's conduct at Wounded Knee. Secretary of War Redfield Proctor set aside the Drexel Mission investigation after exonerating...
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to the soldiers. Yellow Bird began to perform the GhostDance, telling the Lakota that their "ghost shirts" were bulletproof. As tensions mounted, Black...
Oklahoma Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-8061-2069-0. Michael D. Green (2008). ""We Dance in Opposite Directions": Mesquakie (Fox) Separatism from the Sac and Fox...
Global Information
United States