2,534 km (1,574 mi) Czech Republic 402 km (249 mi) Germany 801 km (497 mi) Hungary 331 km (205 mi) Italy 404 km (251 mi) Liechtenstein (non-EU) 34 km (21 mi) Slovakia 105 km (65 mi) Slovenia 330 km (185 mi) Switzerland (non-EU) 158 km (98 mi)[citation needed]
Highest point
Grossglockner 3,797 m
Lowest point
Neusiedler See 115 m
Longest river
Danube 2,857 km
Largest lake
Bodensee 571 km2
Austria is a predominantly mountainous country in Central Europe, approximately between Germany, Italy and Hungary.[1] It has a total area of 83,871 square kilometres (32,383 sq mi).[2][3]
The landlocked country shares national borders with Switzerland (a non-European Union member state, which it borders for 158 km, or 98 mi) and the principality of Liechtenstein (also a non-EU member state, of which it borders for 34 km or 21 mi) to the west, Germany (801 km or 497 mi) and the Czech Republic (402 km or 249 mi) and Slovakia (105 km or 65 mi) to the north, Hungary to the east (331 km or 205 mi), and Slovenia (330 km or 185 mi) and Italy (404 km or 251 mi) to the south (total: 2,534 km or 1,574 mi).[1][2]
The westernmost third of the somewhat pear-shaped country consists of a narrow corridor between Germany and Italy that is between 32 km (19 mi) and 60 km (37 mi) wide.[1] The rest of Austria lies to the east and has a maximum north–south width of 280 km (173 mi).[1] The country measures almost 600 km (372 mi) in length, extending from Lake Constance (German Bodensee) on the Austrian-Swiss-German border in the west to the Neusiedler See on the Austrian-Hungarian border in the east.[1] The contrast between these two lakes – one in the Alps and the other a typical steppe lake on the westernmost fringe of the Hungarian Plain – illustrates the diversity of Austria's landscape.[1]
Seven of Austria's nine federal states have long historical traditions predating the establishment of the Republic of Austria in 1918: Upper Austria, Lower Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Salzburg, Tyrol, and Vorarlberg.[1] The states of Burgenland and Vienna were established after World War I.[1] Most of Burgenland had been part of the Kingdom of Hungary, but it had a predominantly German-speaking population and hence became Austrian.[1] Administrative and ideological reasons played a role in the establishment of Vienna as an independent state.[1] Vienna, historically the capital of Lower Austria, was a socialist stronghold, whereas Lower Austria was conservative, and both socialists and conservatives wanted to consolidate their influence in their respective states.[1] Each state has a state capital with the exception of Vienna, which is a state in its own right in addition to being the federal capital.[1] In Vienna, the City Council and the mayor function as a state parliament (Landtag) and state governor (Landeshauptmann), respectively.[1]
^ abcdefghijklmJohnson, Lonnie (1994). "Geography". In Solsten, Eric; McClave, David E. (eds.). Austria: a country study (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 69–78. ISBN 0-8444-0829-8. OCLC 30664988. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
^ ab"Austria". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. April 30, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
^"Austria country profile". BBC News. 2023-04-25. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.