Geography of Afghanistan information

Geography of Afghanistan
Continent	Asia
Region	Central Asia / South Asia
Coordinates	33°00′N 65°00′E / 33.000°N 65.000°E
Area	Ranked 40th
• Total	652,864 km2 (252,072 sq mi)
Coastline	0 km (0 mi)
Borders	Pakistan 2,670 km (1,660 mi), ; Tajikistan 1,357 km (843 mi), ; Iran 921 km (572 mi), ; Turkmenistan 804 km (500 mi), ; Uzbekistan 144 km (89 mi), ; China 91 km (57 mi)
Highest point	Noshaq, 7,492 m (24,580 ft)
Lowest point	Amu Darya at Khamyab, 258 m (846 ft)
Longest river	Helmand River
Largest lake	Kamal Khan Dam; Kajaki Dam; Dahla Dam; Naghlu Dam; Band-e Amir; Qargha
Climate	Arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers
Terrain	mostly low plateau with deserts, rangelands and a fertile plain in the southeast
Natural resources	natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stone
Natural hazards	earthquakes, flooding, avalanches
Environmental issues	limited fresh water, soil degradation, overgrazing, deforestation, desertification, air pollution, water pollution

Afghanistan is a landlocked mountainous country located on the Iranian Plateau,^[6] at the crossroads of Central Asia^[7]^[8] and South Asia.^[9]^[10] The country is the 40th largest in the world in size. Kabul is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan, located in the Kabul Province. With a location at the intersection of major trade routes, Afghanistan has attracted a succession of invaders since the sixth century BCE.^[11]

Afghanistan contains most of the Hindu Kush. There are a number of major rivers in the country, including Amu Darya, Arghandab, Farah, Hari, Helmand, Kabul, Kokcha, and Kunar. The country also possesses many smaller rivers as well as streams, canals, lakes, ponds, and springs. Most of its fresh water historically flowed into neighboring countries.^[12]

^ Afghanistan, CIA World Factbook.
^ "Gold and copper discovered in Afghanistan" (PDF). bgs.ac.uk. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
^ "Uranium Mining Issues: 2005 Review". www.wise-uranium.org. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
^ Afghanistan's Energy Future and its Potential Implications Archived 2010-06-25 at the Wayback Machine, Eurasianet.org.
^ Govt plans to lease out Ainak copper mine^{[permanent dead link]}, Pajhwok Afghan News.
^ Ellington, Lucien (Fall 2012), "Geographical Facts about Afghanistan", Education About Asia, vol. 17, no. 2, Association for Asian Studies
^ Starr, Frederick; Cornell, Svante (18 February 2020). "A new strategy for Central Asia". The Hill. Archived from the original on Aug 9, 2023. , as Afghan President Ashraf Ghani has noted, Afghanistan is itself a Central Asian country.
^ Afghanistan. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107619500.
^
* "U.S. maps". Pubs.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
- "South Asia: Data, Projects, and Research". Archived from the original on 1 March 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
- Wandrey, Craig J.; Law, Ben E. "Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields and geological provinces of South Asia". U. S. Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
- "University of Washington Jackson School of International Studies: The South Asia Center". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
- "Syracruse University: The South Asia Center". 26 March 2013. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
- "Center for South Asian studies". Archived from the original on 11 December 2007. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ "Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings". UNdata. 26 April 2011. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
^ "Country Profile: Afghanistan" (PDF). United States: Library of Congress Country Studies on Afghanistan. August 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 8, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
^ Cite error: The named reference Afghanistan and Pakistan's Looming Water Conflict was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[CIA-1] Afghanistan, CIA World Factbook.

[AfghanMinerals-2] "Gold and copper discovered in Afghanistan" (PDF). bgs.ac.uk. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2018.

[w-u-3] "Uranium Mining Issues: 2005 Review". www.wise-uranium.org. Retrieved 5 May 2018.

[Eurasianet-4] Afghanistan's Energy Future and its Potential Implications Archived 2010-06-25 at the Wayback Machine, Eurasianet.org.

[Pajhwok-5] Govt plans to lease out Ainak copper mine^{[permanent dead link]}, Pajhwok Afghan News.

[6] Ellington, Lucien (Fall 2012), "Geographical Facts about Afghanistan", Education About Asia, vol. 17, no. 2, Association for Asian Studies

[7] Starr, Frederick; Cornell, Svante (18 February 2020). "A new strategy for Central Asia". The Hill. Archived from the original on Aug 9, 2023. , as Afghan President Ashraf Ghani has noted, Afghanistan is itself a Central Asian country.

[8] Afghanistan. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107619500.

[South_Asia-9] * "U.S. maps". Pubs.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
"South Asia: Data, Projects, and Research". Archived from the original on 1 March 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

Wandrey, Craig J.; Law, Ben E. "Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields and geological provinces of South Asia". U. S. Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

"University of Washington Jackson School of International Studies: The South Asia Center". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

"Syracruse University: The South Asia Center". 26 March 2013. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

"Center for South Asian studies". Archived from the original on 11 December 2007. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

[10] "South Asia: Data, Projects, and Research". Archived from the original on 1 March 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

[11] Wandrey, Craig J.; Law, Ben E. "Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields and geological provinces of South Asia". U. S. Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

[12] "University of Washington Jackson School of International Studies: The South Asia Center". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

[13] "Syracruse University: The South Asia Center". 26 March 2013. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

[14] "Center for South Asian studies". Archived from the original on 11 December 2007. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

[UNdata-10] "Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings". UNdata. 26 April 2011. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2011.

[11] "Country Profile: Afghanistan" (PDF). United States: Library of Congress Country Studies on Afghanistan. August 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 8, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2012.

[Afghanistan_and_Pakistan's_Looming_Water_Conflict-12] Cite error: The named reference Afghanistan and Pakistan's Looming Water Conflict was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Geography of Afghanistan information

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