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General protection fault information


Error message in a white dialog box stating "UNRECOVERABLE APPLICATION ERROR: Terminating current application."
Generic error message for a general protection fault (Unrecoverable Application Error) in Windows 3.0
Error message for a general protection fault in Windows 3.1x
Example error message for a general protection fault in Windows 3.1x

A general protection fault (GPF) in the x86 instruction set architectures (ISAs) is a fault (a type of interrupt) initiated by ISA-defined protection mechanisms in response to an access violation caused by some running code, either in the kernel or a user program. The mechanism is first described in Intel manuals and datasheets for the Intel 80286 CPU, which was introduced in 1983; it is also described in section 9.8.13 in the Intel 80386 programmer's reference manual from 1986. A general protection fault is implemented as an interrupt (vector number 13 (0Dh)). Some operating systems may also classify some exceptions not related to access violations, such as illegal opcode exceptions, as general protection faults, even though they have nothing to do with memory protection. If a CPU detects a protection violation, it stops executing the code and sends a GPF interrupt. In most cases, the operating system removes the failing process from the execution queue, signals the user, and continues executing other processes. If, however, the operating system fails to catch the general protection fault, i.e. another protection violation occurs before the operating system returns from the previous GPF interrupt, the CPU signals a double fault, stopping the operating system. If yet another failure (triple fault) occurs, the CPU is unable to recover; since 80286, the CPU enters a special halt state called "Shutdown", which can only be exited through a hardware reset. The IBM PC AT, the first PC-compatible system to contain an 80286, has hardware that detects the Shutdown state and automatically resets the CPU when it occurs. All descendants of the PC AT do the same, so in a PC, a triple fault causes an immediate system reset.

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Task state segment

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the program does not have access and the processor generates a general protection fault. This feature allows operating systems to grant selective port...

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flag). CLI and STI are privileged instructions, which cause a general protection fault if an unprivileged application attempts to execute them. The POPF...

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Windows 98

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Extended memory

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access rights restricted, causing a processor exception (e.g., a general protection fault or GPF) on violation. This prevents programs running in protected...

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dereference the dangling pointer can cause segmentation faults (UNIX, Linux) or general protection faults (Windows). If the program has sufficient privileges...

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indicate a line to line class fault, which can be confirmed by negative phase sequence overcurrent protection, whereas an earth fault can indicate a Line to...

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