Geastrales is an order of gasterocarpic basidiomycetes (fungi) that are related to Cantharellales. The order contains the single family Geastraceae, which includes the "earthstars" formerly placed in Lycoperdales, or Phallales.[4][5]
Approximately 64 species are classified in this family, divided among eight genera, including Geastrum, Myriostoma and Sphaerobolus. Sphaerobolus species are known as "shotgun fungus" or "cannonball fungus". They colonize wood-based mulches and may throw black, sticky, spore-containing globs onto nearby surfaces.[6][7]
The fruiting bodies of several earthstars are hygroscopic: in dry weather the "petals" will dry and curl up around the soft spore sac, protecting it. In this state, often the whole fungus becomes detached from the ground and may roll around like a tumbleweed. Once mature, their exoperidium splits into a variable number of rays, which give Geastrum their visible star shape. The exoperidial rays are there to protect the endoperidial body and orchestrate spore dispersal.[8] In wetter weather, the "petals" moisten and uncurl; some even curl backward lifting the spore sac up. This allows rain or animals to hit the spore sac so, emitting spores when enough moisture is present for them to germinate and establish.
^Cite error: The named reference Corda1842 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Hosaka2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Kirk et al. 2008, p. 648
^Cite error: The named reference Kirk2001 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Kirk2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Lehman R (1985). "Black spots on houses—an insect or disease problem?". Penn Dept Agric Bur Pl Ind, Reg Hort. 11: 15–16.
^Brantley EA, Davis DD, Kuhns L (2001). "Biological control of the artillery fungus, Sphaerobolus stellatus, with Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis". Journal of Environmental Horticulture. 19 (1): 21–23. doi:10.24266/0738-2898-19.1.21.
^Kuhar, F., Castiglia, V., & Papinutti, L. (2013). Geastrum species of the La Rioja province, Argentina. Mycotaxon, 122, 145-156. https://doi.org/10.5248/122.145
145-156. https://doi.org/10.5248/122.145 Media related to Geastrales at Wikimedia Commons "Geastrales K. Hosaka & Castellano". Atlas of Living Australia. v...
Vascellum curtisii - Vascellum pratense - edible when interior is white Geastrales and Phallales (related to Cantharellales), Basidiomycetes : Phallales :...
Zamora, J.C. "Proposal to conserve the name Geastrum (Basidiomycota, Geastrales) with a conserved type". Taxon. 63 (3): 679–680. doi:10.12705/633.22....
Müller-Uri C (1984). "Beitrag zur Systematik der Geastrales" [Contributions to the systematics of the Geastrales]. Feddes Repertorium (in German). 95 (9–10):...
Haro-Luna MX, Ramírez-Cruz V (2021). "Myriostoma herrerae sp. nov. (Geastrales: Basidiomycota) and a new record of M. calongei from Mexico". Kew Bulletin...
Haro-Luna MX, Ramírez-Cruz V (2021). "Myriostoma herrerae sp. nov. (Geastrales: Basidiomycota) and a new record of M. calongei from Mexico". Kew Bulletin...
The Sclerogastraceae are a family of fungi in the order Geastrales. The family contains the single genus Sclerogaster, which contains 10 species found...
Geastrum jurei is a species of fungus in the Geastrales, or earthstar fungi. It is known only from Algarrobo, in the Valparaíso province of Chile. It is...
Brandenburg – ein Paradies für Erdsterne (Geastrales)" [Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg: a paradise for earthstars (Geastrales)]. Verhandlungen des Botanischen...
Global Information
