In molecular biology, the GGDEF domain is a protein domain which appears to be ubiquitous in bacteria and is often linked to a regulatory domain, such as a phosphorylation receiver or oxygen sensing domain. Its function is to act as a diguanylate cyclase and synthesize cyclic di-GMP, which is used as an intracellular signalling molecule in a wide variety of bacteria.[1][2] Enzymatic activity can be strongly influenced by the adjacent domains. Processes regulated by this domain include exopolysaccharide synthesis, biofilm formation, motility and cell differentiation.
Structural studies of PleD from Caulobacter crescentus show that this domain forms a five-stranded beta sheet surrounded by helices, similar to the catalytic core of adenylate cyclase.[3]
^Paul R, Weiser S, Amiot NC, Chan C, Schirmer T, Giese B, Jenal U (March 2004). "Cell cycle-dependent dynamic localization of a bacterial response regulator with a novel di-guanylate cyclase output domain". Genes Dev. 18 (6): 715–27. doi:10.1101/gad.289504. PMC 387245. PMID 15075296.
^Ryjenkov DA, Tarutina M, Moskvin OV, Gomelsky M (March 2005). "Cyclic diguanylate is a ubiquitous signaling molecule in bacteria: insights into biochemistry of the GGDEF protein domain". J. Bacteriol. 187 (5): 1792–8. doi:10.1128/JB.187.5.1792-1798.2005. PMC 1064016. PMID 15716451.
^Chan C, Paul R, Samoray D, Amiot NC, Giese B, Jenal U, Schirmer T (December 2004). "Structural basis of activity and allosteric control of diguanylate cyclase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (49): 17084–9. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117084C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0406134101. PMC 535365. PMID 15569936.
molecular biology, the GGDEFdomain is a protein domain which appears to be ubiquitous in bacteria and is often linked to a regulatory domain, such as a phosphorylation...
the EAL domain, the GGDEFdomain, the protein phosphatase 2C-like domain, the guanylate cyclase domain, or the response regulatory domain. In its most...
sequence motifs “GGDEF” (Gly-Gly-Asp-Glu-Phe) or “GGEEF” (Gly-Gly-Glu-Glu-Phe), which constitute the domain of the DGC active site. These domains are often found...
domains were identified and they have since been renamed as the GGDEFdomain and EAL domain respectively. Structural genomics programmes have attempted to...
enzymatic signalling domains such as histidine kinase, adenyl cyclase, GGDEF-type nucleotide cyclase and EAL-type phosphodiesterase domains, as well as non-enzymatic...