Furigana (振り仮名, Japanese pronunciation:[ɸɯɾigaꜜna] or [ɸɯɾigana]) is a Japanese reading aid consisting of smaller kana (syllabic characters) printed either above or next to kanji (logographic characters) or other characters to indicate their pronunciation. It is one type of ruby text. Furigana is also known as yomigana (読み仮名) and rubi (ルビ, [ɾɯꜜbi]) in Japanese. In modern Japanese, it is usually used to gloss rare kanji, to clarify rare, nonstandard or ambiguous kanji readings, or in children's or learners' materials. Before the post-World War II script reforms, it was more widespread.[1]
Furigana is most often written in hiragana, though in certain cases it may be written in katakana, Roman alphabet letters or in other, simpler kanji. In vertical text, tategaki, the furigana is placed to the right of the line of text; in horizontal text, yokogaki, it is placed above the line of text, as illustrated below.
日
に
本
ほ ん
語
ご
or
に
ほん
ご
日
本
語
These examples spell the word nihongo, which is made up of three kanji characters: 日 (ni, written in hiragana as に), 本 (hon, written in hiragana as ほん) and 語 (go, written in hiragana as ご).
^Geoffrey Sampson (1990). Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction. Stanford University Press. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-8047-1756-4.
Furigana (振り仮名, Japanese pronunciation: [ɸɯɾigaꜜna] or [ɸɯɾigana]) is a Japanese reading aid consisting of smaller kana (syllabic characters) printed either...
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for example to impart an informal feel. Hiragana is also used to write furigana, a reading aid that shows the pronunciation of kanji characters. There...
called okurigana. Hiragana can also be written in a superscript called furigana above or beside a kanji to show the proper reading. This is done to facilitate...
words. Furigana are written alongside kanji, or Chinese characters, to indicate their pronunciation especially in juvenile publications. Furigana are usually...
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Divine General Makora," which was mistranslated as "Mahoraga," despite the furigana for the both of them being distinct. A golden cursed tool with the power...
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"kyōshikyoku." When this film released in Japan, 1991, Kurosawa added furigana "ラプソディー rapusodī" to the word "狂詩曲" contrary to the standard usage of Japanese...
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such as flipping, shifting, rotating, scaling and animation, but also for furigana and search boxes. The message format of such ActivityPub objects that can...
reason, business cards often include the pronunciation of the name as furigana, and forms and documents often include spaces to write the reading of the...