Breslau, Province of Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia[1]
Died
29 January 1934(1934-01-29) (aged 65)
Basel, Switzerland
Nationality
German[2][3]
Alma mater
Heidelberg University
Humboldt University of Berlin
Technical University of Berlin
Known for
Surface chemistry
Haber process
Haber's rule
Haber–Weiss reaction
Born–Haber cycle
Chemical warfare
Explosives
Fertilizers
Spouses
Clara Immerwahr
(m. 1901; died 1915)
Charlotte Nathan
(m. 1917; div. 1927)
Children
3
Awards
Iron Cross (1915)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1918)
Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences (1932)
Rumford Medal (1932)
Scientific career
Fields
Physical chemistry
Institutions
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
University of Karlsruhe
Fritz Haber (German pronunciation:[ˈfʁɪt͡sˈhaːbɐ]ⓘ; 9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his invention of the Haber–Bosch process, a method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas. This invention is important for the large-scale synthesis of fertilizers and explosives.[4] It is estimated that a third of annual global food production uses ammonia from the Haber–Bosch process, and that this supports nearly half the world's population.[5][6] For this work, Haber has been called one of the most important scientists and industrial chemists in human history.[7][8][9] Haber also, along with Max Born, proposed the Born–Haber cycle as a method for evaluating the lattice energy of an ionic solid.
Haber, a known German nationalist, is also considered the "father of chemical warfare" for his years of pioneering work developing and weaponizing chlorine and other poisonous gases during World War I. He first proposed the use of the heavier-than-air chlorine gas as a weapon to break the trench deadlock during the Second Battle of Ypres. His work was later used, without his direct involvement,[10] to develop Zyklon B, used for the extermination of more than 1 million Jews in gas chambers in the greater context of the Holocaust.
After the Nazi rise to power in 1933, Haber was forced to resign from his positions. Already in poor health, he spent time in various countries, before Chaim Weizmann invited him to become the director of the Sieff Research Institute (now the Weizmann Institute) in Rehovot, Mandatory Palestine. He accepted the offer but died of heart failure mid-journey in a Basel hotel on 29 January 1934, aged 65.
^"Fritz Haber – Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
^"Fritz Haber". NNDB.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
^Bowlby, Chris (12 April 2011). "Fritz Haber: Jewish chemist whose work led to Zyklon B". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
^"Fritz Haber | Biography & Facts". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
^Smil, Vaclav (2004). Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World Food Production. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. 156. ISBN 9780262693134.
^Flavell-While, Claudia. "Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch – Feed the World". www.thechemicalengineer.com. Archived from the original on 19 June 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
^"The Man Who Killed Millions and Saved Billions". YouTube. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
^"Seven Billion Humans: The World Fritz Haber Made". 2 November 2011. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
^"Fritz Haber's Experiments in Life and Death". Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
^"No. 2287: Fritz Haber". www.uh.edu. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
FritzHaber (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁɪt͡s ˈhaːbɐ] ; 9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry...
Haber process, also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. The German chemists FritzHaber and...
suicide in 1915, she was married to the Nobel Prize-winning chemist FritzHaber. Immerwahr was born on the Polkendorff Farm in Breslau (today Wojczyce...
The FritzHaber Institute of the Max Planck Society (FHI) is a science research institute located at the heart of the academic district of Dahlem, in...
Haber process, also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. The German chemists FritzHaber and...
with FritzHaber were voted the world's most influential chemical engineers of all time by members of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. The Haber–Bosch...
had yet to establish a means to fix it. Then, in 1909, German chemist FritzHaber successfully fixed atmospheric nitrogen in a laboratory. This success...
soccer player Eitan Haber (1940–2020), Israeli journalist FritzHaber (1868–1934), German chemist and Nobel Prize winner Heinz Haber (1913–1990), German...
FritzHaber invented the Haber–Bosch process. It is estimated that it provides the food production for nearly half of the world's population. Haber has...
habilitation thesis on the Thomson model of the atom. A chance meeting with FritzHaber in Berlin in 1918 led to discussion of how an ionic compound is formed...
regiment on the Western Front, and with the chemical warfare unit headed by FritzHaber on the Western, Eastern and Italian fronts, earning the Iron Cross (2nd...
medalist sabre fencer FritzHaber (1868–1934), German chemist and Nobel Prize winner Fritz Haeg (born 1969), American artist Fritz Hartjenstein (1905–1954)...
FritzHaber, a German-Jewish chemist who in 1918 received (together with Carl Bosch) the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the invention of the Haber-Bosch...
Haber process, also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. The German chemists FritzHaber and...
Haber process. In the early decades of the 20th century, the Nobel prize-winning chemists Carl Bosch of IG Farben and FritzHaber developed the Haber...
Ruska served as director of the Institute for Electron Microscopy of the FritzHaber Institute until 1974. Concurrently, he served at the institute and as...
doctorate there in 1901. He then worked in London before joining the FritzHaber Institute in Berlin. He died in an explosion after mixing two chemicals...
became available in collieries. The Firedamp whistle was developed by FritzHaber in 1913, as a prophylactic indicator of firedamp, but calibration in...
Heinz Haber was born in 1913. His father, Carl Haber, was director of "Süddeutsche Zucker AG", now known as Südzucker. His older brother FritzHaber was...
Geissler Werner Gengelbach Dieter Grau Hans Gruene Herbert Guendel FritzHaber Heinz Haber Karl Hager Guenther Haukohl Walter Häussermann Karl Heimburg Emil...
attack with tear gas. Observing a field test of this idea, the chemist FritzHaber instead proposed using chlorine gas that was heavier-than-air. The German...
chemist. He is most known for his work with FritzHaber on the fixation of nitrogen from atmospheric air, the Haber process. He was born in Saint Helier, Jersey...
physicists and chemists Walther Bothe, Peter Debye, Albert Einstein, FritzHaber and Otto Hahn; a board of trustees also provided guidance. Funding was...
age. At the university in 1919, other notables were Walther Nernst, FritzHaber, and James Franck. Laue, as one of the organizers of the weekly Berlin...
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