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Algebraic structure → Ring theory Ring theory
Basic concepts
Rings
• Subrings
• Ideal
• Quotient ring
• Fractional ideal
• Total ring of fractions
• Product of rings
• Free product of associative algebras
• Tensor product of algebras
Ring homomorphisms
• Kernel
• Inner automorphism
• Frobenius endomorphism
Algebraic structures
• Module
• Associative algebra
• Graded ring
• Involutive ring
• Category of rings
• Initial ring
• Terminal ring
Related structures
• Field
• Finite field
• Non-associative ring
• Lie ring
• Jordan ring
• Semiring
• Semifield
Commutative algebra
Commutative rings
• Integral domain
• Integrally closed domain
• GCD domain
• Unique factorization domain
• Principal ideal domain
• Euclidean domain
• Field
• Finite field
• Composition ring
• Polynomial ring
• Formal power series ring
Algebraic number theory
• Algebraic number field
• Ring of integers
• Algebraic independence
• Transcendental number theory
• Transcendence degree
p-adic number theory and decimals
• Direct limit/Inverse limit
• Zero ring
• Integers modulo pn
• Prüfer p-ring
• Base-p circle ring
• Base-p integers
• p-adic rationals
• Base-p real numbers
• p-adic integers
• p-adic numbers
• p-adic solenoid
Algebraic geometry
• Affine variety
Noncommutative algebra
Noncommutative rings
• Division ring
• Semiprimitive ring
• Simple ring
• Commutator
Noncommutative algebraic geometry
Free algebra
Clifford algebra
• Geometric algebra
Operator algebra
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In algebra, the free product (coproduct) of a family of associative algebras over a commutative ring R is the associative algebra over R that is, roughly, defined by the generators and the relations of the 's. The free product of two algebras A, B is denoted by A ∗ B. The notion is a ring-theoretic analog of a free product of groups.
In the category of commutative R-algebras, the free product of two algebras (in that category) is their tensor product.
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the category of algebras is a free product of algebras.) Direct products are commutative and associative up to natural isomorphism, meaning that it doesn't...
algebra may or may not be associative, leading to the notions ofassociativealgebras and non-associativealgebras. Given an integer n, the ring of real...
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algebrasof pseudo-differential operators acting on spaces of distributions), the term operator algebra is usually used in reference to algebrasof bounded...
saying that polynomial rings are free commutative algebras, since they are free objects in the category of commutative algebras. Similarly, a polynomial ring...
isomorphic to the product of the quotient rings R / In, n = 1, ..., k. An associativealgebra A over a commutative ring R is a ring itself. If I is an ideal in A...
z]]} . Nonetheless, much of the terminology for associative rings and algebras (and also for groups) has analogs for Lie algebras. A Lie subalgebra is a...
of these functions commute, the functions also commute: a times b equals b times a. It is remarkable that viewing noncommutative associativealgebras...
category of (noncommutative) R-algebras, the coproduct is a quotient of the tensor algebra (see freeproductofassociativealgebras). In the case of topological...
to that ofassociativealgebras. Lie coalgebra: a vector space with a "comultiplication" defined dually to that of Lie algebras. Graded algebra: a graded...
category R-Alg whose objects are all R-algebras and whose morphisms are R-algebra homomorphisms. The category of rings can be considered a special case...
sense of the corresponding universal property (see below). The tensor algebra is important because many other algebras arise as quotient algebrasof T(V)...
giving a ring homomorphism R → End(M). A unital algebra homomorphism between unital associativealgebras over a commutative ring R is a ring homomorphism...
Algebraic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses the techniques of abstract algebra to study the integers, rational numbers, and their generalizations...
isomorphic to the polynomial algebra in the Lyndon words. The shuffle product occurs in generic settings in non-commutative algebras; this is because it is...
assumed to be commutative or associative. A semifield that is associative is a division ring, and one that is both associative and commutative is a field...
the notion of a finitely generated module, it can be shown that the sum and the productof any two algebraic integers is still an algebraic integer. It...
Lie algebras. In Lie algebras, the multiplication satisfies Jacobi identity instead of the associative law; this allows abstracting the algebraic nature...
include groups, associativealgebras and Lie algebras. The most prominent of these (and historically the first) is the representation theory of groups, in...